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Science Test Prep 8B
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How is an organism's cell like a factory? | It must be able to obtain energy and raw materials and get rid of water. |
| The movement of particles from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration is called______. | diffusion |
| The fluid that surround and fill the cell are made mostly of_____. | water |
| Water is made up of particles called_______. | molecules |
| The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane is called_______. | osmosis |
| What is the result of osmosis? | The result is water molecules moving form an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. |
| What process is important to cell functions? | Osmosis |
| Describe the effect of osmosis on a wilted plant that has been watered. | The wilted plant would become firm and healthy again. |
| ________ is when particles move across a cell membrane without the use of energy. | Passive transport |
| _____ are passageways in a cell membrane. | Channels |
| ______ is the movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentation across a cell membrane. | Active transport |
| ______ and ______ are two examples of passive transport. | Osmosis and diffusion |
| A cell needs _____ to tranport particle by active transport. | energy |
| The channels in a cell membrane are made up of______. | proteins |
| A large particle can enter a cell using a process called______. | endocytosis |
| A large particle can leave a cell through the process called_______. | exocytosis |
| What is your body telling you when you feel hungry? | Your body is telling you that your cells need energy. |
| Where do plant cells get their energy? | They get their energy from the sun. |
| Where do many animal cells get the energy they need? | They get their energy from food. |
| Where does almost all of the energy that fuels life come from? | The sun |
| Plants are able to change sunlight into food through the process of______. | photosynthesis |
| The molecules that absorb light energy are called_____. | pigments |
| Plants get their green color from______. | chlorophyll |
| What is glucose? | Glucose is a carbohydrate that plants make during the process of photosynthesis. |
| Why is glucose important to a plant cell? | Glucose is important because it is food or fuel for the plant. |
| Cells use_______ to break down food. | cellular respiration |
| Many cells are able to get energy without oxygen through a process called______. | fermentation |
| Why is breathing important to many organisms? | Breathing is important because it supplies the oxygen needed for cellular respiration. It also removes carbon dioxide, which is a waste product of cellular respiration. |
| What takes place during cellular respiration in complex organisms. | During cellular respiration, food, such as glucose, is broken down into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) and energy is released. |
| What does your body do with the energy that is released during cellular respiration? | Most of the energy is used to maintain body temperature, but some of it is used to form ATP which supplies energy for cellular activities. |
| Adenosine triphosphate, also called ATP, is formed during cellular respiration. ATP supplies _______ that fuels cell activities. | energy |
| Cellular respiration in the cells takes place in______ inside the cell. | mitochondria |
| Why do you get a burning sensation in your muscles during strenuous exercise? | You feel a burning sensation because when your muscles cannot get enough oxygen for cellular respiration, they use the process of fermentation to get energy. The build up of the lactic acids produced by fermentation also contributes to the sensation. |
| ______ occurs when cells use oxygen to produce energy from food. | Cellular respiration |
| ______ is the breakdown of food without the use of oxygen. | Fermentation |
| _______ forms carbon dioxide during fermentation and is used to help bread rise. | Yeast |
| _______ is converted into food by the process of photosynthesis. | The sun's energy |
| _______ is released during photosynthesis when the cells take in carbon dioxide. | Oxygen |
| Why is it important for your body to produce millions of new cells by the time you finish reading this sentence? | It is important because it helps you grow and replace dead cells. |
| When does the cell cycle begin? | It begins when the cell is formed. |
| When does the cell cycle end? | It ends when the cell divides and makes new cells. |
| What must a cell do before it can divide to make a new cell? | A cell must first make a copy of its deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). |
| What makes sure that each new cell will be an exact copy of its parent cell? | Copying chromosomes |
| A cell without a nucleus is a_______ cell. | prokaryotic |
| A cell with a nucleus is a________ cell. | eukaryotic |
| A _______ is the main ring of DNA in a prokaryotic cell. | chromosome |
| A chromosome is made up of DNA and_____ in a eukaryotic cell. | protein |
| Bacteria create new cells through a kind of cell division called_______. | binary fission |
| When binary fission is complete, the result is two new cells that each contain one copy of_____. | DNA |
| Humans have __ chromosomes, while fruit flies have __ chromosomes. Potatoes have __ chromosomes. | 46,8,48 |
| Chromosomes line up in pair called________. | homologous chromosomes |
| What do pairs of homologous chromosome have in common? | They have the same sequence of genes and the same structure. |
| In the beginning of the eukaryotic cell cycle, the cell grows and duplicates its _____ and _____. | organelles and chromosomes |
| After a chromosome is duplicated, the two copies are called_____. | chromatids |
| Chromatids in eukaryotic cells seperate during a process called______. | mitosis |
| Where are chromatids held together? | centromere |
| During what phase or stage of the cell cycle do chrromatids seperate and move to opposite sides of the cell? | Anaphase (mitosis phase 3) |
| During what phase or stage of the cell cycle do the chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell? | Metaphase (mitosis phase 2) |
| During what phase or stage of the cell cycle are chromosomes copied? | Interphase (Stage 1) |
| During what phase or stage of the cell cycle does the nuclear membrane form around the two sets of chromosomes and the chromosomes unwind? | Telophase (mitosis phase 4) |
| During what phase or stage of the cell cycle does mitosis begin, the nuclear membrane disolves, and chromosomes condense into rodlike structures? | Prophase (mitosis phase 1) |
| During what phase or stage of the cell cycle do two new cells form? | Cytokinesis |
Created by:
artmullin1997
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