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nurs 140 ch 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| albumin | protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood |
| antibody | protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens. An antibody is specific to an antigen and inactivates it |
| antigen | substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody |
| basophil | white blood cell containing granules that stain blue: associated with release of histamine and heparine |
| bilirubin | orange-yellow pigmentin bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells die |
| coagulation | blood clotting |
| colony-stimulating factor | protein that stimulates the growth and proliferation of white blood cells (granulocytes) |
| differentiation | change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization |
| electrophoresis | method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge |
| eosinophil | white blood cell containing granules that stain red; associated with allergic reactions |
| erythrocyte | red blood cell. 5 million per microliter or cubic millimeter of blood |
| erythropoietin | hormose secreted by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell formation |
| fibrin | protein threads that form the basis of a blood clot |
| fibrinogen | plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process |
| globulin | plasma protein; alpha, beta, and gamma (immune) globulins are examples |
| granulocyte | white blood cell with numerous dark-staining granules; eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil |
| hemoglobin | blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells |
| hemolysis | destruction or breakdown of blood (red blood cells) |
| heparin | anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells |
| immune reaction | response of the immune system to foreign invasion |
| immunoglobulin | protein (globulin) with antibody activity. IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD. Immuno means protection |
| leukocyte | white blood cell |
| lymphocyte | mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies |
| macrophage | monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces. As a phagocyte, it engulfs foreign material and debris |
| megakaryocyte | large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow |
| monocyte | leukocyte with one large nucleus. it is a cell that engulfs foregin material and debris. monocytes become macrophages as they leave the blood and enter body tissues |
| mononuclear | pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleus; lymphocytes and monocytes are mononuclear leukocytes |
| neutrophil | granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow. It is a phagocytic tissue-fighting cell. polymorphonuclear leukocyte. |
| plasma | liquid portion of blood; contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, hormones, and vitamins |
| plasmapheresis | removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge. collected cells are retransferred back into the donor. fresh-frozen plasma or salt solution is used to replace withdrawn plasma |
| platelet | small blood fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process |
| prothrombin | plasma proteinl converted to thrombin in the clotting process. |
| reticulocyte | Immature erythrocyte. A network of strands (reticulum) is seen after staining the cell with special dyes. |
| Rh factor | antigen on red blood cells of Rh-positive (RH+) individuals. The factor was first identified in the blood of rhesus monkey |
| serum | plasma minus clotting proteins and cells. clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it is allowed to clot. It is formed from plasma, but does not contain protein-coagulation factors |
| stem cell | unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms. A hematopoietic stem cell is the progenitor for all different types of blood cells. |
| thrombin | enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation. |
| thrombocyte | platelet |
| bas/o | base |
| chrom/o | color |
| coagul/o | clotting |
| cyt/o | cell |
| eosin/o | red, dawn, rosy |
| erythr/o | red |
| granul/o | granules |
| hem/o | blood |
| hemat/o | blood |
| hemoglobin/o | hemoglobin |
| is/o | same, equal |
| kary/o | nucleus |
| leuk/o | white |
| mon/o | one, single |
| morph/o | shape, form |
| myel/o | bone marrow |
| neutr/o | neutral (neither base nor acid) |
| nucle/o | nucleus |
| phag/o | eat, swallow |
| poikil/o | varied, irregular |
| sider/o | iron |
| spher/o | globe, round |
| thromb/o | clot |
| -apheresis | removal, a carrying away |
| -blast | immature cell, embryonic |
| -cytosis | abnormal condition of cells (increase in cells) |
| -emia | blood condition |
| -globin, -globulin | protein |
| -lytic | pertaining to destruction |
| -oid | derived from |
| -osis | abnormal condition |
| -penia | deficiency |
| -phage | eat, swallow |
| -philia | attraction for (an increase in cell numbers) |
| -phoresis | carrying, transmission |
| -poiesis | formation |
| -stasis | stop, control |
| aplastic anemia | failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow |
| hemolytic anemia | reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction |
| pernicious anemia | lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorn vitamin B12 into the body |
| sickle cell anemia | hereditary condition characterized by abnormal sickle shape of erythrocytes and by hemolysis |
| thalassemia | inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually seen in persons of Mediterranean background |
| hemochromatosis | excess iron deposits throughout the body |
| polycythemia vera | general increase in red blood cells (erythremia). |
| purpura | multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin |
| leukemia | increase in cancerous white blood cells (leukocytes) |
| granulocytosis | abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood |
| mononucleosis | infectious disease marked by increased numbers of leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes |
| multiple myeloma | malignant neoplasm of bone marrow |
| antiglobulin test | test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes |
| bleeding time | time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound |
| coagulation time | time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube |
| complete blood count | determination of numbers of blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and red cell values |
| erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) | speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma |
| hematocrit | percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood |
| hemoglobin test | total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood |
| platelet count | number of platelets per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood |
| prothrombin time | test of the ability of blood to clot |
| red blood cell count | number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter of blood |
| red blood cell morphology | microscopic examination of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red cells |
| white blood cell count | number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter of blood |
| white blood cell differential | percentages of different types of leukocytes in the blood |
| apheresia | separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from the blood |
| blood transfusion | whole blood or cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient |
| bone marrow biopsy | microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle |
| hematopoietic stem cell transplantation | peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor are administered to a recipient |
| Ab | antibody |
| ABMT | autologous bone marrow transplantation: patient serves as his or her own donor for stem cells |
| ABO | four main blood types - A, B, AB, and O |
| ALL | acute lymphocyte leukemia |
| AML | acute myelogenous leukemia |
| ANC | absolute neutrophil count |
| ASCT | autologous stem cell transplantation |
| bands | immature white blood cells (granulocytes) |
| baso | basophils |
| BMT | bone marrow transplantation |
| CBC | complete blood count |
| CLL | chronic lymphocytic leukemia |
| CML | chronic myelogenous leukemia |
| DIC | disseminated intravascular coagulation: bleeding disorder marked by reduction in blood clotting factors due to their use and depletion for intravascular clotting |
| diff | differential count (white blood cells) |
| EBV | Epstein-Barr virus; cause of mononucleosis |
| eos | eosinophil |
| EPO | erythropoietin |
| ESR | ery |
| Fe | iron |
| G-CSF | granulocyte colony-stimulating factor - promotes neutrophil production |
| GM-CSF |
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pammy7130
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