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nursing 4 exam 3
pathogenesis of cancer
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| normal cell growth | cell enlarges and prepeares for DNA replication, mitosis and cell division and differentiation |
| abnormal cell growth | disturbance in the process iwth defrective proliferation and differentiation |
| proliferation | growth |
| differentiation | mature cell can only function doing 1 thing |
| biology of cancer | actually a group of over 200 diseases, can arise in any cell of the body, evades normal regulatory control over proliferation and differentiation, cancer cells divide indiscriminately and haphazardly |
| carcinogenesis | development of cancer |
| theories of carcinogenesis | increase in knowledge base as a result of the human genome project begun 1990, cellular mutation w/carcinogen exposures, protoncogenes-normal cell processes, oncogenes-genes that can trigger cellular mutations, tumor suppression genes may be inactivated |
| central them of carcinogenesis | damagaed DNA is the initial step to cellular mutations |
| carcinogens | anything that your exposed to that may cause cancer |
| stages of development of cancer | initiation, promotion, and progression |
| initiation stage | irreversible stage--mutation of cellular DNA secondary to exposure to radiation, chemical or viral agent |
| promotion stage | reversible--proliferation of altered cells |
| progression stage | increased growth, invasion and spread(metastasis), tumor angiogenesis |
| tumor angiogenesis | tumor forming blood vessels within which supply it with blood and O2 so tumor will grow |
| known factors/carcinogens thatlead to alterationin cellular growth | viruses, drugs and hormones, chemical agents, physical agents(ex:radiation-damages DNA), genetic concerns |
| role of the immune system | body attempts to regulate growth of abnormal cells, create tumor associated antigens(TAAs)on the surface of cancer cell |
| theory-- | many malignant cells are destroyed by the immune system responding to the TAAs |
| immunological surveillance | immune system tries to destroy TAA cells |
| immunological escape | process by which cancer cells evade immune system |
| types of tumors | benign and malignant neoplasm |
| neoplasm | new and abnormal formation of tissue |
| benign tumors | localized growth(usually doesn't spread, solid mass, frequently encapsulated, tend to respond to homeostatic control(bodys own balance), can be destructive to local tissue, especially problematic in brain |
| malignant tumors | grow agressively, don't respond to homeostatic controls(body cant control), irregularly shaped, cut through surrounding tissue, cause bleeding, corrsoion, necrosis locally, spread through blood and lymphatic systems(metastasis) |
Created by:
jbittner
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