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anatomy test four
Stack #77206
| word | definition |
|---|---|
| fascia | hold muscle together, forms groups, deep fascia |
| muscle fibers | muscle cell,arranged parallel to each other |
| epimysium | connective tissue around entire muscle |
| perimysium | surrounds bundles of muscle fibers or fasicles |
| fasicles | bundles of muscle fibers |
| endomysium | wraps each individual muscle fibers |
| tendons | attach muscle to bone |
| sarcoplasm | muscle ctoplasm |
| sarcoplasmic reticulum | membranous network similar to er, stores calcium for contraction |
| myoglobin | pigment similar to hb for oxygen carrying |
| thin filaments | contain actin, troponin and tropomyosin |
| thick filaments | contain myosin |
| sarcomeres | basic functional unit of skeletal muscle(straited) |
| z discs | zigzag of dense material separating sarcomeres |
| myosin | golf club shaped protein, form crossbridge |
| actin | helix shape, anchored to z disc has myosin, binding site |
| troponin and tropomyosin | both cover myosin binding sites on relaxed muscle |
| sliding filaments | myosin head of thck filaments pulls on thin filaments, thin filaments slide toward the center of sarcomere, thick slides past thin, filament length does not change |
| motor unit | single motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it stimulates, size of motor unit varies with the precision of movement |
| motor endplate | the region of sarcolemma that connects to the nerve |
| synaptic cleft | space between axon end of nerve and motor end plate |
| steps of skeletal muscle( at the neuromuscular junction) | 1. release Ach, 2. activatin of Ach, 3. generate action potential, 4. breakdown Ach |
| 1. release Ach | diffuses across synaptic cleft |
| 2. activation of Ach | binds to motor and plates, and opens NA+ ion channels |
| 3. generate action potential | flow of NA+ generates action potential along sarcolemma |
| 4. breakdown Ach | Ach estrates breaks down Ach in synaptic cleft |
| contraction cycle: ( how the filaments slide) | 1. split ATP, 2. form cross bridge,3. power stroke, 4. bind ATP and detach, 5. muscle relaxation |
| 1. split ATP | transfer energy to myosin head |
| 2. form cross bridge | attachment of myosin head to actin to form cross bridge |
| 3. power stroke | releases phosohate from myosin, myosin head swivels to slide thin fiber past thck fibers |
| 4. bind ATP and detach | binds second ATP |
| 5. muscle relaxation | must bind a second ATP to relax: calcium binds to troponin to expose binding sites for myosin |
| creatine phophate | extra supply of phosphate when ATP supply is depleted to ADP. makes a little creatine |
| glycolysis/ anaerobic | after about 15 seconds, creatine phosphate is depleted, process of breaking down glucose to pyruvate for more ATP lasts 30 to 10 secs |
| aerobic respiration | makes alot |
| lactic acid/ cori cycle | when oxygen levels are too low to completely metabolize carbohydrates it cannot do aerobic metabolism and lactic acids by product build up |
| muscle fatigue | inability to contract force fullyafter prolonged activity, decline in calcium levels, ph change, depletion of creatine phosphate, insuffient oxygen, glycogen, depletion of Ach, accumulation of lactic acid and ADP |
| recovery | need to increase oxygen after excersie for increased tissue repairs, heart still working harder and incresed in body reactions= body still faster |
| slow oxidative fiber | consists of red fibers, high amts myoglobin, small diameter, slow pace contraction, fatigue resistant, many mitochondria |
| fast oxidative fibers | consist of intermediate size, dark red myoglobin, moderate endurance, moderate resistance, makes more ATP, moderate strength, moderat fatigue |
| fast glycolytic fibers | consist of white fibers, low myoglobin, power, lrg diameter, few mitocondria, high glycogen, fatigue rapidly, strength training |
Created by:
wdusek
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