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Molecular Genetics

QuestionAnswer
Genetics scientific study of biological inheritance
fertilization male and female cells join to make a new cell
trait specific characteristic of an individual
gene a factor that is passed from parent to offspring
allele one of a number of different forms of genes
principle of dominance states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive
Segregation the separation of alleles
Gametes sex cells
probability the likelihood that a particular event will occur
homozygous having two identical alleles for a particular gene
heterozygous having two different alleles for a particular gene
phenotype the physical characteristics of an organism
genotype the genetic makeup of an organism
independent assortment genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes
Codominance phenotypes produced by both allels are completely expressed
multiple alleles a gene that has more then two alleles
polygenic traits a trait controlled by two or more genes
diploid a cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes
haploid cell that contains only one set of genes
zygote a fertilized egg
crossing over homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids
Punnett square simple diagram used to predict the outcome of genetic cross
incomplete dominance one allele is not completely dominant over another
homologous each of the four chromosomes from the male parent has a corresponding chromosome from the female parent
meiosis process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the seperation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
tetrad structure containing four chromatids
Created by: allengautier
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