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nurs 140 ch 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| arteriole | small artery |
| calyx, calix | cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis |
| catheter | tube for injecting or removing fluids |
| cortex | outer region of an organ; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney |
| creatinine | nitrogenous waste excreted in urine. |
| creatinine clearance | is a measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing (clearing) creatinine from the blood |
| electrolyte | Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water necessary for functioning of muscles and nerves. Kidneys maintain the proper balance of electrolytes and water in the blood. |
| erythroppoietin | hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow |
| filtration | process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter. In the kidney, blood pressure forces materials through the filter. |
| glomerulus | tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in the kidney |
| glomerular capsule | enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus. also known as Bowman capsule and it collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus. |
| hilum | depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave |
| kidney | one of two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region; it filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine |
| meatus | opening or canal |
| nephron | combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, secretion take place in the kidney |
| nitrogenous waste | substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine |
| potassium | an electrolyte regulated by kidney. essential for allowing muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses |
| reabsorption | process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream |
| renal artery | blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney |
| renal pelvis | central collecting region in the kidney |
| renal tubule | microscopic tubes in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration |
| renal vein | blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart |
| renin | hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood presure by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels) |
| sodium | an electrolyte regulated in blood and urine by kidneys. needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions |
| trigone | triangular area in the urinary bladder |
| urea | major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine |
| ureter | one of the tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder |
| urethra | tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body |
| uric acid | nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine |
| urinary bladder | hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine |
| urination (voiding) | process of expelling urine; also called micturition |
| cali/o, calic/o | calyx (calix) |
| cyst/o | urinary bladder |
| glomerul/o | glomerulus |
| meat/o | meatus |
| nephr/o | kidney |
| pyel/o | renal pelvis |
| ren/o | kidney |
| trigon/o | trigone (region of the bladder) |
| ureter/o | ureter |
| urethr/o | urethra |
| vesic/o | urinary bladder |
| abumin/o | albumin (protein in the blood) |
| azot/o | nitrogen |
| bacteri/o | bacteria |
| dips/o | thirst |
| kal/o | potassium |
| ket/o, keton/o | ketone bodies |
| lith/o | stone |
| natr/o | sodium |
| noct/o | night |
| olig/o | scanty |
| -poietin | substance that forms |
| py/o | pus |
| -tripsy | crushing |
| ur/o | urine (urea) |
| urin/o | urine |
| -uria | urination; urine condition |
| glomerulonephritis | inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney |
| interstitial nephritis | inflammation of the connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules |
| nephrolithiasis | kidney stones (renal calculi) |
| nephrotic syndrome (nephrosis) | group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine |
| polycytic kidney disease (PKD) | multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney. |
| pyelonephritis | inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma |
| renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma) | cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood |
| renal failure | kidney decreases excretion of wastes as a result of impaired filtration function |
| renal hypertension | high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease |
| Wilms tumor | malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood |
| bladder cancer | malignant tumor of the urinary bladder |
| diabetes insipidus | antidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately, or the kidney is resistant to its effect |
| diabetes mellitus | insulin is not secreted adequately or not used properly in the body |
| blood urea nitorgen (BUN) | measurement of urea levels in blood |
| CT scan | x-ray images show multiple cross-sectional and other views of organs and tissues |
| kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB) | x-ray examination (without contrast) of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder |
| renal angiography | x-ray examination (with contrast) of the blood vessels of the kidney |
| retrograde pyelogram (RP) | x-ray imaging of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder |
| voiding cystourethrogram | x-ray record (with contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding |
| ultrasonography | imaging of urinary tract structures using high-frequency sound waves |
| radioisotope scan | image of the |
Created by:
pammy7130
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