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Inheritance

QuestionAnswer
What are genes? unique segments of an organism's DNA that produce a particular functional product.
What is genetics? The study of how these genetic traits are inherited.
What are alleles? Alternate forms of a particular gene.
What is a karyotype? Shows the complete diploid set of chromosomes.
What is a genome? A genome is the full set of genetic information that an organism carries in its DNA.
What patterns of inheritance do human traits follow? Many human traits follow a pattern of simple dominance. The alleles for many human genes are codominant.
What is a sex-linked gene? A gene located on a sex chromosome.
What is a pedigree? A chart that shows the presence or absence of a trait according to the relationships within a family across several generations.
How can pedigrees be used to analyze human inheritance? The information learned from pedigrees helps determine the nature of genes and alleles associated with inherited human traits.
What is a mutation? A change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's genetic material
What two different alleles can be shown in a particular gene? Dominant and/or Recessive
In a pedigree, what shape represents a female? A circle
In a pedigree, what shape represents a male? A square
Define heterozygous. Having two different alleles for a particular gene.
Define homozygous. Having two identical alleles for a particular gene
Name Mendel's rule of inheritance. Rule of segregation and Rule of independent assortment.
What does the first law of heredity, the law of segregation, state about genes? Two alleles for a trait separate when gametes are formed.
Which hereditary rule explains why a self-fertilizing parent that is heterozygous for the A locus (Aa) can produce offspring that are AA or aa? Principle of segregation
Males are more likely to suffer from muscular dystrophy than females because... Males have only one copy of the X chromosome.
During meiosis, the process of crossing over results in new combinations of alleles due to the fact that Genes are located on separate chromosomes.
What is a gene with two dominant alleles that are expressed at the same time? Codominant
Females have which set of sex chromosomes? XX
Males have which set of sex chromosomes? XY
What is incomplete dominance? A situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele.
Created by: 1342920
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