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Inheritance
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| are unique segments of an organism's DNA that produce a particular functional product. | Genes |
| Each functional product of a gene controls a particular aspect of life, and some of these aspects are visible to a careful observer as genetic. Examples include height, eye color, skin color | traits |
| Diversity within a population can be caused by meiosis | genetic variation |
| This genetic variation is caused by the presence of different | alleles |
| In diploid organisms like humans, each individual carries | two copies of each gene |
| These copies can be the same allele or different alleles, depending on the organism’s | parental contributions. |
| The genetic makeup of an organism (set of alleles present) is referred to as its | genotype |
| and the visible traits that we can observe as a result of these alleles are its | phenotype. |
| Different alleles for a particular gene locus can be | dominant, or recessive |
| Dominant alleles what recessive alleles | mask |
| recessive alleles, meaning that when a dominant and a recessive allele are both present, the dominant allele's | phenotypic trait is observed. |
| refers to having two different alleles for a single trait | Heterozygous |
| plant is one that has two copies of the same allele. Both alleles may be dominant (e.g. TT - tall) or recessive (e.g. tt - short). -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | homozygous |
| says that each allele present in a parent will be segregated away from the other during gamete (sex cell) formation, allowing one or the other allele to be inherited in an offspring but not both | rule of segregation |
| Mendel's Rules of Inheritance can be demonstrated using a | Punnett square. |
| When the genotype of a parent is not known, a what can be performed | test cross |
| Multiple gene loci can also be examined at one time, using the | rule of independent assortment. |
| are performed to examine the genotypes | monohybrid crosses |
| When two traits are studied at the same time, a what can be performed | dihybrid cross |
| If one allele is what over the other, then a phenotype that is intermediate between the two allelic traits can be observed. | incompletely dominant |
| what is an alternate form of intermediate trait | CODOMINANCE |
| In addition, some gene loci may have | multiple alleles |
| Sometimes a particular phenotype may be determined by more than one gene. This is referred to as | polygenic inheritance |
| The creation of a what or a phenotypic family tree, helps in the study of gene expression and heredity in humans | pedigree |
| One factor that often becomes apparent in human pedigrees is the presence of a trait that is | sex-linked |
| is a change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's genetic material. Mutations can be caused by viruses, exposure to radiation or chemical mutagens, or copying errors made during cell division. | mutation |
Created by:
Tregreen12
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