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B-205 Antibiotics

Chapter 20: Antimicrobial Drugs

QuestionAnswer
Penicillin G Natural penicillin--inhibitor of peptidoglycan (cell wall); targets gram-positive bacteria; requires injection
Penicillin V Natural penicillin--inhibitor of peptidoglycan (cell wall); targets gram-positive bacteria; oral administration
Oxacillin Semisynthetic penicillin--inhibitor of peptidoglycan (cell wall); narrow spectrum; resistant to penicillinase
Ampicillin Semisynthetic penicillin--inhibitor of peptidoglycan (cell wall); broad spectrum
Amoxicillin Semisynthetic penicillin--inhibitor of peptidoglycan (cell wall); broad spectrum; combined with an inhibitor to penicillinase
Cephalothin Cephalosporin (1st generation)--inhibitor of peptidoglycan (cell wall); similar to penicllin; requires injection
Cefixime Cephalosporin (4th generation)--inhibitor of peptidoglycan (cell wall); similar to penicllin; oral administration
Bacitracin Polypeptide Antibiotic--inhibitor of peptidoglycan (cell wall); effective against gram positive bacteria; topical use
Vancomycin Polypeptide Antibiotic (glycopeptide)--inhibitor of peptidoglycan (cell wall); against gram positive bacteria; penicillinase resistant
Isoniazid Antimycobacterial Antibiotic--inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid component of cell wall of Mycobacterium spp.
Ethambutol Inhibits incorporation of mycolic acid into cell wall of Mycobacterium spp.
Streptomycin Aminoglycoside--Inhibitor of protein synthesis; broad spectrum--including mycobacteria
Neomycin Aminoglycoside--inhibitor of protein synthesis; broad spectrum; topical use
Gentamicin Aminoglycoside--inhibitor of protein synthesis; broad spectrum, including psuedomonas spp.
Tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline Tetracyclines--inhitors of protein synthesis; broad spectrum--includes chlamidias & rikketsias; animal feed additives
Erythromycin Macrolide--inhibitor of protein synthesis; alternative to penicllin
Azithromycin, Clarithromycin Macrolide--inhibitor of protein synthesis; semisynthetic; broader spectrum & better tissue penetration than erythromycin
Telithromycin (Ketek) Macrolide--inhibitor of protein synthesis; semi-synthetic (new generation); used to cope with resistance to other macrolides
Polymixon B Injury to plasma membrane; gram negative bacteria, including pseudomonas spp.; topical
Rifampin Rifamycin--inhibitor of nucleic acid synthesis--mRNA; tx of TB
Nalidixic acid, nofloxacin, ciprofloxacin (Cipro), gatifloxacin (newest generation) Quinolones & Fluroquinolones--inhibitors of nucelic acid synthesis--DNA; broad spectrum; tx of UTIs
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Sulfonamide--competetive inhibitor of the synthesis of essential metabolites; broad spectrum; combonation is widely used
Polyenes: Amphotericin B* Antifungal; Injury to plasma membrane (fungal sterols, NOT cell wall); tx of systemic fungal infections
Azoles: Clotrimazole, Miconazole, Ketonazole*, Voriconazole Antifungal; Inhibit synthesis of plasma membranes (fungal sterols, NOT cell wall)
Allyamines: Terbinafine, naftifine Antifungal; Inhibit synthesis of plasma membranes (fungal sterols, NOT cell wall); new class
Eichocandins*: Caspofungin (Cancidas) Antifungal; Inhibits formation of CELL WALL; new class
Flucytosine Antifungal; Inhibits RNA synthesis, thus protein synthesis
Griseofulvin* Antifungal; Inhibition of mitotic microtubules; tx of fungal infections of the skin
Tolnaftate Antifungal; unkown method of action; tx of athelete's foot
Acyclovir*, ganciclovir, ribavirin, lamivudine, and cidofovir (hint: notice the "vir") Antiviral; Inhits DNA/RNA synthesis; tx for herpesviruses*
Adefovir dipivoxil (herpsera) Antiviral; Competetive inhibitor for HBV reverse transcriptase (protease inhibitor?)
Zanamivir, oseltamivir Antiviral; Attacks the influenza virus ability to ATTACH
Amantadine, zimantadine Antiviral; Attacks the influenza virus ability to UNCOAT
Interferons Antiviral; Inhibits spread of virus to new cells; tx of viral hepititus
Dapsone Inhibitor of Folic Acid synthesis (similar to Sulfa-antibiotics); used to treat Leprosy
Created by: scottheadrick
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