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pharm51
antineoplastic drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| one of the tools used in the treatment of malignant diseases | antineoplastic drugs |
| chemotherapy | therapy with antineoplastic drugs |
| antineoplastic drugs used for | cure, control, or palliation |
| cell cycle specific antineoplastics | they target the cells in one of the phases of cell division |
| cell cycle nonspecific antineoplastics | they can target the cell at any phase of the cycle |
| Green tea antioxidants (polyphenols or flavonoids) play a major role in | preventing disease; i.e. colon cancer |
| adverse effects of green tea | has caffeine: nervousness, restlessness, insomnia, and GI upset may occur; avoid during pregnancy |
| green tea contraindicated in patients with | hypertension, cardiac conditions, anxiety, insomnia, diabetes, and ulcers |
| Plant Alkaloids: vinca alkaloids do what | interfere with amino acid production in the S phase and formation of microtubules in the M phase |
| Antimetabolitesare substances that | incorporate themselves into the cellular components during the S phase of cell division |
| Alkylating Agents | make the cell a more alkaline environment, which in turn damages the cell (malignant cells more susceptible to these than normal cells) |
| Antineoplastic Antibiotics | their action is similar to alkylating drugs (i.e. doxorubicin-Adriamycin) |
| Miscellaneous Antineoplastic Drugs | used for their antineoplastic actions but don't belong to any one category |
| Adverse Reactions of antineoplastics in three different time frames | immediate(during administration), during therapy cycles, and long term(many years later, during survivorship) |
| oral anticoagulants interaction with plant alkaloids | prolonged bleeding |
| aminoglycosides interaction with alkylating drugs | increased risk of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity |
| an example of preadministration treatment required for some antineoplastic drugs | hydration of the patient with 1 to 2 L of IV fluid infused before administration of cisplatin (Platinol); administration of antiemetic before the administration of irinotecan (Camptosar) |
| nursing procedures commonly ordered during chemotherapy | measuring fluid intake and output, monitoring the vital signs at specific intervals, and increasing the fluid intake to a certain amount |
| Protection of the Provider of antineoplastic drugs important with use of PPE such as | gowns, safety goggles with face shield, NIOSH approved respirator |
| with IV administration how often should nurse check IV site | every 30 minutes to 1 hour |
| inbalanced nutrition common due to | patient may be tired or not hungry, anorexia due to nausea, taste alterations, sores in the GI system |
| what does the nurse do to stimulate appetite | provides small, frequent meals to coincide with the patient's tolerance for food. avoid freasy or fatty foods and unpleasant sights, smells, and tastes |
| nurse can provide | diversional activities, cold foods, dry foods, and salty foods |
| what is often the best tolerated meal of the day | breakfast |
| what is done if patient continues to lose weight | feeding tube or total parenteral nutrition (TPN) |
| oral mucositis | inflammation of the oral mucous membranes; may appear 5-7 days after chemotherapy and continue up to 10 days after therapy |
| stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth |
| what does nurse report in reference to mouth | any white patches on the tongue, throat, or gums, any burning sensation, and bleeding from the mouth and gums |
| what is encouraged in reference to mouth care | to be performed every 4 hours including a rinse with normal saline solution |
| myelosuppression | bone marrow suppression |
| how is meylosuppression manifested | abnormal lab test results and clinical evidence of leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, or anemia |
| anemia characterized by | (decreased RBCs in bone marrow) fatigue, dizziness, shortness of breath, and palpitations |
| neutropenia | reduction in the neutrophil type of white blood cells-means patient has a decreased resistance to infection |
| while receiving myelosuppressive drugs patients are instructed to | stay away from crowds or ill individuals |
| what signs of infection should be reported immediately by the nurse | temperature of 100.4 degrees (38 degrees C) or higher, cough, sore throat, chills, frequent urination, or a white blood cell count of less than 2500/mm3 |
| thrombocytopenia | decrease in the platelet count (less than 100,000/mm3) |
| thrombocytopenia nurse precautions | avoid blood draws but if done, apply pressure for 3-5 minutes |
| patient teaching for thrombocytopenia | avoid the use of disposable razors, nail trimmers, dental floss, firm toothbrushes, or any sharp objects; refrain from contact and highly physical activities |
| thrombocytopenia sign and symptoms that need to be reported | bleeding gums, easy bruising, petechiae, increased menstrual bleeding, tarry stools, bloody urine, or coffee-ground emesis |
| alopecia in reference to patient | may have little effect on the physical status of the patient but certainly may have a serious effect on the patient's mental health |
| inpaired tissue integrity in reference to patients | the integument is at risk for breakdown during antineoplastic drug therapy. care should be taken to avoid the sun, wear loose, protective clothing, watch skinfold areas for breakdown |
| sign of extravasation include | swelling; stinging, burning, or pain at injection site; redness; lack of blood return |
| what to do if extravasation is suspected | stop infusion immediately, initiate antidotal procedures, and report the extravasation to the primary health care provider |
Created by:
laotracuata
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