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molecules genetics

QuestionAnswer
1.DNA a nucleic acid that contains the information that is needed to help an organism develop and function
2.genes Segments of DNA which are located in the chromosomes and carry information for certain traits
3.When a gene is expressed, a protein is synthesized and produces a trait.
4.DNA is composed of two polymers, which can be found in a helix structure, giving DNA the nickname "the double helix"
5.The backbone of the DNA polymers is made of sugars and phosphate groups, which are bonded together
6.The bases on one DNA polymer pair with complementary bases on the other polymer in order to link the polymers together.
7.The four nitrogen bases are 1. adenine (A) 2. cytosine (C) 3. guanine (G) 4. thymine (T)
8.codon Three bases (in a row) make
9.On an mRNA molecule, codons are read during translation and symbolize specific amino acids
10.During DNA Replication... The two original strands of DNA separate. DNA polymerases add complementary nucleotides to each strand. (adenine bonds with thymine; cytosine bonds with guanine) Two DNA molecules form, which are identical to the original DNA molec
11.Initiation Enzymes bind to a DNA sequence and unzip the molecule.
12.Elongation As the molecule unzips, RNA nucleotides pair to complementary DNA nucleotides on one of the DNA strands. (If the DNA strand reads AGT, the new RNA strand would read UCA.)
13.Termination Once base pairing is complete, the new RNA molecule (mRNA) breaks away from the DNA strands and the DNA strands re-attach
14.Translation... (1-6) A codon on the mRNA molecule attaches to a ribosome
15.Translation (2-6) tRNA molecules, which each carry a specific amino acid, approach the ribosome.
16.Translation (3-6) The tRNA molecule that corresponds to the codon (called the tRNA anticodon) attaches to the mRNA codon.
17. Translation (4-6) The ribosome slides to the next codon on the mRNA molecule and repeats the process.
18. Translation(5-6) As amino acids are added next to each other, peptide bonds link the amino acids together.
19. Translation (6-6) The chain of amino acids continues to grow until the ribosome reaches a stop codon on the mRNA strand. This signals that no more amino acids should be added and the protein is completed.
20.Ribonucleic acid (RNA) (RNA) A natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in gene expression
21.Uracil One of the four bases that combines with sugar and phosphate to form a nucleotide subunit of RNA
22. The process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a template
23. The portion of protein synthesis that uses the codons in mRNA molecules to specify the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains
24.mutation A change of a gene
25.Mutations can be harmful and cause genetic diseases such as.. cystic fibrosis and some forms of cancer
Created by: Rodney77
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