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Bio 4
you da boss
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell | the smallest unit that can carry on all of the processes of life |
| cell theory | all living organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism, cells only come from the reproduction of existing celss |
| plasma membrane | the cell's outer boundary that covers a cell's surgace and acts as a barrier between the inside and outside of a cell (aka cell membrane) |
| cytoplasm | the region of the cell that is within the plasma membrane and that includes the fluuid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles except for the nucleus |
| cytosol | the part of the cytoplasm that includes molecules and small particles such as ribosomes but not membrane-bound organelles |
| nucleus | a membrane-bound organelle containing a cell's DNA. controls most functions of a ukaryotic cell |
| prokaryote | organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. DNA is often found in the nucleoid |
| eukaryote | organisms made up of one or more cells that have a nuceus and membrane-bound organelles. contain organelles |
| organelle | a variety of subcellular structures, well defined intracellular bodies that perform specific functions for the cell. surrounded by membrane |
| tissue | a group of similar cells and their porducts that carry out a specific funtino |
| organ | groups of tissues that perform a particular job in an organism |
| organ system | a group of organs that accomplish related tasks |
| phospholipid bilayer | when phospholipids line up so that their heads point outward toward the water and their tails point inward away from water, creating a double layer |
| chromosome | structures in the nucleus made of DNA and protein |
| nuclear envelope | double membrane made up of two phospholipid bilayers |
| nucleolus | dense area in the nuclei where the DNA is concentrated when making RNA |
| ribosome | organelles made of protein and RNA that direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm |
| mitochondrion | tiny organelles that transfer energy from organic molecules to adenosine triphosphate (ATP)ultimately powers most of the cell's chemical reactions |
| endoplasmic reticulum | (ER) a system of membranous tubes and sacs, functions as an intracellular highway, a path along which molecules move from one part of the cell to another |
| golgi apparatus | another system flattened membranous sacs |
| lysosome | vesicles that bud from the golgi apparatus and that contain digestive enzymes that can break down large molecules such as proteins nucleic acids, carbohydrates and phospholipids |
| cytoskeleton | a network of thin tubes and filaments that crisscross the cytosol |
| microtubule | hollow tubes |
| microfilaments | long threads of the beadlike protein actin and are linked end to end and wrapped around each other like two strands of a rope |
| cell wall | a rigid layer that lies eoutside the cells plasma membrane. plant cell walls contain a carbohydrate called cellulose |
| centriole | consist of two short cylinders of microtubules at right angles to each other and are situated in the cytoplasm |
| cilla | hairlike structures that extend from the surface of the cell where they assist in movement. short and present in large numbers on certain cells |
| flagella | hairlike structures that extend from the surface of the cell where they assist in movement. longer and far less numerous on cells where they occur |
| central vacuole | a large fluid-filled organelle that stores not only water but also enzymes, metabolic wastes, and other materials |
| plastids | organelles that like mitochondria are surrounded by a double membrane and contain their own DNA |
| thylakoids | contain chlorophyll |
| chlorophyll | green pigment, the main molecule that absorbs light and captures light energy for the cell |
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asb102296
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