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Bio 225 test 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| WHAT ARE THE NORMAL SKIN BACTERIA? | STAPHYLOCOCCUS STREPTOCOCCUS PSEUDOMONAS PROPRIONIBACTERIA |
| wHAT IS THE ARRANGEMENT OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS? | CLUSTERS |
| WHAT BACTERIA CAUSES MOST MINOR SKIN INFECTIONS? | STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES |
| HOW DO YOU TREAT MINOR SKIN INFECTIONS? | PENICILLINASE RESISTANT PENICILLIN - DICLOXACILLIN |
| WHAT ARE THE S/S TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME? | STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS FEVER, VOMITING, RASH, SHOCK A/W SUPER MAX TAMPONS |
| WHAT BACTERIA IS MOST COMMON CAUSE OF UTI? | STAPHYLOCOCCUS SAPROPHYTICUS - IT IS AN OPPORTUNIST |
| WHAT TYPE OF STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTION CAUSES THE MOST PROBLEMS? | GROUP A STREPT IS THE MOST PROBLEMATIC DUE TO SUBSEQUENT INFECTIONS |
| WHAT DOES GAS REFER TO? | LANCEFIELD C CARBOHYDRATE TYPE (A-S) |
| WHAT CAUSES ERYSIPELAS? | STRETOCOCCUS PYOGENES |
| WHAT ARE THE S/S ERYSIPELAS? | HIGH FEVER BRIGHT RED RASH |
| WHAT CAUSES IMPETIGO? | STRETOCOCCUS PYOGENES |
| WHAT ARE THE S/S OF IMPETIGO? | CRUSTED PUSTULES AROUND THE MOUTH, ESP THE MOUTH |
| wHAT CAUSES SCARLET FEVER? | STRETOCOCCUS PYOGENES |
| WHAT ARE THE S/S SCARLET FEVER? | RASH |
| WHAT CAUSES PAHRYNGITIS | STRETOCOCCUS PYOGENES |
| WHAT ARE THE S/S PHARYNGITIS? | RED SWOLLEN TONSILS PHARYNX PURULENT EXUDATE TONSILS FEVER SWOLLEN LYMPH NODES |
| WHAT DISEASE IS A DELAYED REACTION (1-3WEEKS) OF sTREPT AUREUS PHARYNGITIS? | RHEUMATIC FEVER - CAUSES HEART DAMAGE AND THEN GLOMERULONEPHRITIS - CAUSES KIDNEY DAMAGE |
| HOW DO YOU DX GAS? | SWAB TEST RAPID ANTIGEN DETECTION TEST QUICK BUT NOT SENSITIVE |
| hOW DO YOU CULTURE GAS? | THROAT SWAB OVERNIGHT BLOOD AGAR LOOKING FOR CLEARING/BETA HEMOLYSIS AROUND COLONIES |
| WHAT BACTERIA CAUSES PNEUMONIA IN PATIENTS WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS? | PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA |
| WHAT BACTERIA CAUSES OSTEOMYELITIS? | PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA VIA FOOT WOUNDS - CUTS, DIABETIC ULCERS |
| whAT ARE THE DRUG THERAPIES USED TO TREAT PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA? | ANITPSEUDOMONAL PCN - PIPERACILLIN AND AMINOGLYCOSIDE - GENTAMYCIN IMIPENEM - BROADEST ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AZTREONAM - MAGIC BULLET G-AEROBES |
| WHAT CAUSES ACNE? | PROPRIONIBACTERIUM FEEDS ON SEBUM CAUSES INFLAMMATION AND SCARRING |
| WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR ACNE | CLEANSE SKIN - NUMBER OF SOAPS SLOW "FOOD/SEBUM" PRODUCTION - ACUTANE |
| WHAT ARE THE TREATMENTS FOR WARTS? | REMIVAL VIA FREEZE, BURN, ELECTRICAL, ACID |
| WHAT IS VARICELLA? | CHICKENPOX HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS |
| WHERE DOES VARICELLA VIRUS REMAIN? | REMAINS LATENT IN NERVE CELL |
| WHAT IS AN ODD COMPLICATION WITH ASPIRIN USE IN VARICELLA? | REYE'S SYNDROME VOMITING, BRAIN DAMAGE RARE NOW |
| WHAT MAY HAPPEN TO THE LATENT VARICELLA VIRUS? | IT MAY BECOME REACTIVATED AS HERPES ZOSTER/SHINGLES |
| WHAT TRIGGERS REACTIVATION OF VARICELLA? | TRAUMA, STRESS, IMMUNOSUPPRESSION |
| WHAT ARE THE S/S SHINGLES? | PAINFUL LESIONS THAT RUN ALONG A SENSORY NERVE OF TRUNK/HEAD/EYE |
| WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR SHINGLES? | VACCINE ACYCLOVIR SOON AFTER OUTBREAK SX MAY SHORTEN OR LESSEN ZOSTER IMMUNE GLOBULIN |
| WHAT ARE KOPLIK SPOTS? | FOUND IN MEASLES IN THE THROAT. THEY ARE RED SPOTS WITH BLUISH WHITE SPECKS IN THE CENTER |
| wHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR MEASLES? | RUBEOLA |
| WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR MEASLES/RUBEOLA? | MMR VACCINE |
| WHAT IS TINEA CAPITIS? | RINGWORM HEAD |
| WHAT IS TINEA PEDIS? | RINGWORM FEET |
| WHAT DOES RINGWORM DO? | RELEASES KERATINASE CAUSE RAISED INFLAMMATORY RING - HEALING CENTER LOSS HAIR, FLAKY SKIN, CRUMBLY NAILS |
| WHAT IS SPOROTRICHOSIS? | SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER OF SKIN ENTER THRU A CUT IN SKIN (GARDENERS GET IT) ROSES AND SPYGMUM MOSS ENTER LYMPHATIC SYSTEM |
| WHAT IS SCABIES? | BURROWING MITES THAT CAUSE EXTREME ITCHING |
| WHAT IS KERATITIS? | INFLAMMATION OF THE CORNEA |
| WHAT IS CONJUNCTIVITIS? | INFLAMMATION OF CONJUNCTIVE, OUTER COATING OF EYEBALL AND INNER EYELID |
| WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF KERATITIS AND CONJUNCTIVITIS? | STAPH STREP NEISSERIA |
| WHAT IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF PREVENTABLE BLINDNESS? | TRACHOMA |
| WHAT CAUSES TRACHOMA? | CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS |
| WHAT OCCURS WITH A TRACHOMA? | INFECTS THE EPITHELIAL CELLS OF THE EYE CAUSE HARD PUSTULES INNER SURFACE OF EYELID SCRATCHES WHEN EYE BLINKS. |
| wHAT IS THE TREATMENT OF TRACHOMA? | CLEAN WATER, CONTROL EYE SEEKING FLIES |
| whAT AMOEBA CAUSES KERATITIS? | ACANTHAMOEBA |
| WHAT IS THE PREDOMINANT GROUP OF PEOPLE THAT CONTRACT THIS D/T ACANTHAMOEBA? | CONTACT LENS WEARERS D/T IMPROPERLY PREPARED SALINE SOLUTIONS THAT AREN'T HEATED ENOUGH |
| WHAT GROUP OF CONTACT WEARERS ARE MOST SUSCEPTIBLE? | EXTENDED WEAR/SLEEP IN INCREASE CORNEAL INFECTIONS |
| iS THE NERVOUS SYSTEM STERILE OF NON STERILE? | sterile |
| HOW DO PATHOGENS GAIN ACCESS? | TRAUMA PERIPHERAL NERVES BLOODSTREAM LYMPHATIC SYSTEM |
| WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE CONDITION THAT OCCURS IN THE MEMBRANES OF THE CNS? | MENINGITIS |
| WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF MENINGITIS? | HA NV NUCCHAL RIGIDITY COMA DEATH NECROSIS CLOGGED BLOOD VESSELS EDEMA |
| HOW IS MENINGITIS DIAGNOSED? | CSF VIA SPINAL TAP |
| IS BIRAL OR BACTERIAL MENINGITIS A BIGGER PROBLEM? | BACTERIAL |
| WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT BACTERIAL PATHOGENS THAT CAUSE MENINGITIS? | NEISSERIA MENINGIDITIS 5-40 sTREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIA >40 HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B -2MONTHS - 5YRS |
| wHAT ANTIBIOTIC IS USED TO TREAT MENINGITIS? | PENICILLIN g cEFTRIAXONE |
| WHAT IS LISTERIOSIS? | LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES FOODBORNE BACTERIA, GM + ROD, IN PREGNANT WOMEN, CAUSES SEPSIS & BACTEREMIA FETUS/BABY, ELDERLY, IMMUNOSUPPRESSED IT CAUSES STILLBIRTHS, NEUROLOGICAL PROBLEMS, MENINGITIS |
| wHERE IS LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES FOUND? | DAIRY PRODUCTS -MILK, SOFT CHEESE DELI MEATS |
| CAN LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES GROW AT REFRIGERATOR TEMPERATURES? | YES |
| wHAT IS THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF TETANUS? | CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI GM + ROD OBLIGATE ANAEROBE ENDOSPORE FORMING |
| wHERE IS CLOSTRITIDIUM TETANI FOUND? | SOIL |
| WHAT HAPPENS WHEN CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI ENTERS THE BODY THROUGH A DEEP OPENING? | THERE IS LITTLE BLEEDING OR OXYGEN, SECRETES A NEUROTOXIN THAT CAUSES SPASTIC PARALYSIS - MUSCLES CONTRACT BUT CANNOT RELAX CAN'T BREATH - LOCKJAW |
| SEPTICEMIA IS USUALLY CAUSED BY WHAT TYPE OF BACTERIA? | GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA |
| WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR TETANUS? | PASSIVE IMMUNITY - TETANUS IMMUNE GLOBULIN ACTIVE IMMUNITY - TETANUS TOXOID VACCINE |
| WHAT BACTERIA CAUSES FOOD BOTULISM? | CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM |
| WHAT S/S BOTULISM? | NEUROTOXIN CAUSES FLACCID PARALYSIS, NO RELEASE ACTEYLCHOLINE, MUSCLE NEVER CONTRACTS ALSO CAUSES RESPIRATORY FAILURE - "IRON LUNG" |
| WHY IS HONEY A RISK FOR INFANTS? | CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM IS INGESTED IN HONEY IT CAN SURVIVE AND GROW IN THE INTESTINE AND PRODUCE TOXIN |
| HOW IS POLIOVIRUS CONTRACTED? | FECAL CONTAMINATED WATER |
| WHAT VACCINES ARE USED FOR POLIO? | SALK - FROMALIN INACTIVATED SABIN - LIVE ATTENUATED - NOT IN USE |
| WHAT WAS THE PROBLEM WITH THE SABIN POILIO VACCINE? | BECAUSE IT WAS A LIVE VACCINE, YOU SHED FULLY ACTIVE VIRUS. |
| IS POLIO A GOOD CANDIDATE FOR ELIMINATION? | yES BECAUSE IF YOU VACCINATE ENOUGH PEOPLE THE VIRUS HAS NOWHERE TO LIVE |
| HOW DO YOU GET RHABDO OR LYSSA VIRUS? | BITE FROM AN INFECTED ANIMAL VIRUS IS IN SALIVA AND TRAVELS PERIPHERAL NERVES TO CNS CAUSING FATAL ENCEPHALITIS |
| wHAT IS THE INCUBATION TIME FOR RHABDO OR LYSSA VIRUS? | WEEKS TO YEARS WHICH ALLOWS TIME FOR VACCINATION |
| WHAT HAPPENS IF RABIES SYMPTOMS APPEAR? | NEARLY 100% FATAL HA, NV, FEVER COMA DEATH HYDROPHOBIA |
| WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF HYDROPHOBIA? | FEAR OF WATER SWALLOWING OR THE THOUGHT OF SWALLOWING TRIGGERS PAINFUL PHARYNGEAL SPASMS CAUSING FOAMING AT THE MOUTH AND A DESIRE NOT TO SWALLOW |
| WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR RABIES? | CLEAN BITE HYPERIMMUNE RABIES SERUM AROUND BITE VACCINATION - SERIES OF SHOTS |
| WHAT MAKES UP THE VACCINATION FOR RABIES? | VIRUS GROWN IN HUMAN DIPLOID FIBROBLAST CELLS HARVEST, INACTIVATE |
| WHAT IS THE RESERVOIR FOR RABIES? | SKUNKS, FOXES, RACCOONS, DOGS, BATS |
| what are the symptoms of meningoencephalitis? | ha confusion nausea seizures coma |
| WHAT IS A PRION? | PROTEIN IN ANIMALS AND HUMANS |
| WHAT DOES A PRION CAUSE? | SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY |
| WHAT IS IN THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT? | NOSE THROAT MIDDLE EAR |
| WHAT IS IN THE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT? | LARYNX TRACHEA BRONCHIAL TUBES ALVEOLI |
| whAT IS STREPT THROAT CAUSED BY? | GROUP A BETA HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTION VIA RESPIRATORY ROUTE |
| HOW DOES STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES RESIST PHAGOCYTOSIS? | RELEASES STREPTOKININS AND STREPTOLYSINS WHICH LYSE FIBRIN CLOTS AND ARE CYTOTOXIC TO CELLS |
| WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF STREPT THROAT? | FEVER, LOCAL INFLAMMATION |
| WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR STREPT THROAT? | PENICILLIN EFFECTIVE |
| wHAT ARE THE COMPLICATIONS OF NON TREATMENT OF STREPT THROAT? | RHEUMAtic fever GLOMERULONEPHRITIS |
| WHAT IS THE CORONA VIRUS? | HAS A GROWN OF GLYCOPROTEIN SPIKES - CAUSES COLDS |
| HOW MANY RHINOVIRUS DO YOU NEED TO CATCH A COLD? | ONE |
| IS THERE NATURAL IMMUNITY TO RHINOVIRUS | YES BUT IT IS VERY SHORT LIVED |
| HOW DO YOU GET RHINOVIRUS? | FOMITE, CLOSE CONTACT HANDS/EYERS/NOSE/MOUTH |
| HOW IS THE TUBERCULOSIS BACTERIA PROCESSED IN THE BODT TO BECOME ACTIVE TB? | iN THE ALVEOLI, INGESTED BUT NOT DIGESTED BY MACROPHAGE IT MULTIPLIES INSIDE MACROPHAGE/ATTRACTS OTHER CELLS TO AREA FORMS A BALL OF CELLS OR TUBERCLE THE MACROPHAGES DIE LEAVING A CASEOUS OR CHEESY CENTER |
| WHAT HAPPENS AFTER THE TUBERCLE IS FORMED? | IT CAN GO DORMANT ~ 5% REACTIVATE 1-2 YEARS 5% REACTIVATION LIFETIME |
| DO TUBERCLES HEAL QUICKLY OR SLOWLY? | SLOWLY AND BECOME CALCIFIED |
| WHAT ARE GHON'S COMPLEXES? | CALCIFIED OR HEALED TUBERCLES SHOW UP CLEARLY ON XRAY/CT |
| WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE TUBERCLE IS REACTIVATED? | CASEOUS CENTER ENLARGES LIQUIFICATION OCCURS BACILLI START MULTIPLYING OUTSIDE MACROPHAGE LESION RUPTURES AND SPREADS |
| WHAT IS MILIARY TB? | DISSEMINTED INFECTION - SMALL SEED TUBERCLES FORMED IN TISSUES |
| WHAT DOES MILIARY TB AFFECT? | KIDNEY AND LIVER |
| whAT ARE S/S TB? | WEIGHT LOSS COUGHING FATIGUE |
| WHAT IS TREATMENT FOR TB? | LONG TERM ABX THERAPY 2 DRUGS 2 YEARS 3-4 DRUGS 6 MONTHS |
| WHAT IS THE BIGGEST PROBLEM WITH TREATMENT OF TB? | COMPLIANCE CAUSES INCREASED ABX RESISTANCE THEN NO ABX WORK |
| HOW DO YOU TEST/SCREEN FOR TB? | PPD - PURIFIED PROTEIN DERIVATIVE -BITS OF TB MYCOBACTERIUM ARE INJECTED UNDER THE SKIN AND YOU LOOK FOR AN IMMUNE REACTION WHICH MEANS SENSITIZED T CELLS |
| WHAT DOES A POSITIVE PPD MEAN? | THAT YOU HAVE TB THAT YOU HAD TB |
| IS THERE A VACCINE FOR TB? | BCG - BACILLUS OF CALMETTE AND GUERIN UNSURE OF EFFECTIVENESS |
| ARE THERE OTHER TESTS FOR TB? | QUANTIFERON TB - MEASURE INTERFERON GAMMA RESPONSE TO TB ANTIGENS NO FALSE POSITIVES IF BCG VACCINATED |
| WHAT IS INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS? | BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA |
| WHAT IS A TYPICAL OR LOBAR PNEUMONIA? | STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIA |
| WHAT IS AN ATYPICAL OR BRONCHIAL PNEUMONIA? | MYCOPLASMA CHLAMYDIA VIRAL |
| WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON PNEUMONIA? | PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA CAUSED BY THE STREPTOCOCCAL PNEUMONIAE |
| WHAT IS THE PNEUMONCOCCAL VACCINE MADE OF? | PURIFIED CAPSULAR MATERIAL |
| WHAT IS PSITTACOSIS? | A FORM OF PNEUMONIA THAT CAUSES FEVER, HEADACHE, AND CHILLS |
| WHAT CAUSES PSITTACOSIS? | CHLAMYDIA PSITTACI OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR PARASITE |
| WHAT ARE THE TWO FORMS OF CHLAMYDIA PSITTICI | OUTIDE CELL - ELEMENTARY BODY/TOUGH/INFECTIOUS FORM INSIDE CELL - RETICULATE BODY/MULTIPLYING FORM |
| WHAT IS PSITTACOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH? | BIRDS |
| WHAT ARE THE S/S PISTTACOSIS? | FEVER, HEADACHE, CHILLS GET WHEN YOU COME IN CONTACT WITH BIRD DROPPINGS |
| WHEN DOES VIRAL PNEUMONIA OCCUR? | AS A COMPLICATION OF INFLUENZE, MEASLES, OR EVEN CHICKENPOX |
| WHAT IS RSV? | RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS - IT IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF VIRAL RESPIRATORY DISEASE IN INFANTS. |
| WHAT IS INFLUENZAVIRUS? | EIGHT SEPARATE RNA SEGMENTS ENCLOSED BY AN INNER LAYER OF PROTEIN AND AN OUTER LIPID BILAYER WITH GLYCIPROTEIN SPIKES EMBEDDED IN IT. |
| WHAT IS ON THE GLYCOPROTEIN SPIKES EMBEDDED IN OUTER LIPID BILAYER? | HEMAGGLUTININ - HELPS ATTACH NEURASMINIDASE - HELPS RELEASE |
| WHAT IS H1N1? | SWINE FLU - SIMILAR TO THE DEADLY PANDEMIC FLU |
| WHAT IS H1N5? | BIRD FLU - HARD TO GET AND DEADLY |
| WHAT ARE THE VARIATIONS IN THE FLU CAUSED BY? | MUTATIONS ANTIGENIC SHIFT - LARGE CHANGES ANTOGENIC DRIFT - SMALL CHANGES |
| WHAT IS THE HANTA VIRUS? | A VIRUS WHOSE RESERVOIR IS MICE |
| HOW DO HUMANS GET HANTA VIRUS? | BREATHE AIR CONTAMINATED WITH MICE/URINE DROPPINGS - IE; SWEEP FLOORS |
| WHAT WAR WAS HANTA VIRUS COMMON? | KOREAN 2500 INFECTED, 5-10% DIED |
| WHAT HAPPENED IN 1993? | HANTA VIRUS PREVALENT IN 4 CORNERS OF US 32 OF 53 CASES DIED RAPID PROGRESSION - OK IN MORNING - DEAD BY NIGHT |
| WHAT HAPPENS WITH HANTA VIRUS? | THE LUNGS FILL UP WITH FLUID AND YOU DROWN. - DO NOT NEED TO BE IMMUNOCOMPROMISED TO GET IT |
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