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Molecular Genetics

QuestionAnswer
DNA Also Called deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA contains information that helps an organism develop and function
DNA It is made up of nucleotides
DNA consist of a 5-carbon sugar deoxyribose
Segments of DNA which are located in the chromosomes and carry information for certain traits are called genes.
DNA is composed of Two polymers
The backbone of the DNA polymers is made of sugars and phosphate groups
The two polymers are linked by nitrogen bases,
The four nitrogen bases are 1. adenine (A) 2. cytosine (C) 3. guanine (G) 4. thymine (T)
Three bases (in a row) make up a codon
codons are read during translation and symbolize specific amino acids
When all of the codons have been read, the amino acids group together to form proteins.
Adenine pairs with thymine
ctyosine pairs with guanine
DNA Replication, The two original strands of DNA seperate
DNA polymerases add complementary nucleotides to each strand.
Enzymes bind to a DNA sequence and unzip the molecule Initiation
As the molecule unzips, RNA nucleotides pair to complementary DNA nucleotides on one of the DNA strands. (If the DNA strand reads AGT, the new RNA strand would read UCA.) Elongation
Once base pairing is complete, the new RNA molecule (mRNA) breaks away from the DNA strands and the DNA strands re-attach. Termination
A codon on the mRNA molecule attaches to a ribosome
The instructions for building a protein are found in a gene and are "rewritten" to a molecule of RNA during transcription. The RNA is then "deciphered" during translation Gene expression
DNA → Transcription → RNA → Translation → ? Protein
A change of a gene is called a mutation.
Mutations can be harmful and cause genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis
Created by: Tregreen12
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