Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
nurs 140 ch 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| absorption | passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream |
| amino acids | small building blocks of proteins (like links in a chain), released where proteins are disgested. |
| amylase | enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch. |
| anus | terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body. |
| appendix | blind pouch hanging from the cecum (in the right lower quadrant). It literally means hanging on to. |
| bile | digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It breaks up (emulsifies) large fat globules. Composed of bile pigments, cholesterol, and bile salts. |
| bilirubin | pigment released by the liver in bile |
| bowel | intestine |
| canine teeth | pointed, dog-like teeth next to the incisors. Cuspids or eyeteeth. |
| cecum | first part of the large intestine |
| colon | large intestive, consisting of the cecum; the ascending, transverse, and descending segments of the colon; and the rectum |
| common bile duct | carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum |
| defecation | elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus |
| deglutition | swallowing |
| dentin | the primary material found in teeth. covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root |
| digestion | Breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms |
| duodenum | First part of the small intestine |
| elimination | act of removal of materials from teh body; in the digestive system, the removal of indigestible materials as feces |
| emulsification | physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat |
| enamel | hard, outermost layer of a tooth |
| enzyme | chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances. Digestive enzymes break down comlex foods to simpler substances |
| esophagus | Tube connecting the throat to teh stomach. Eso- means inward; phag/o means swallowing |
| fatty acids | substances produced when fats are digested. |
| feces | solid wastes; stool. |
| gallbladder | Small sac under the liver; stores bile |
| glucose | simple sugar |
| glycogen | starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells. |
| hydrochloric acid | substance produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food |
| ileum | third part of the small intestine |
| incisor | one of four front teeth in teh dental arch |
| insulin | hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. It transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver. |
| jejunum | second part of the small intestine. empty |
| lipase | pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats |
| liver | large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen. stores bile, sugar, iron, and vitamins. Produces blood proteins, destroys worn-out red blood cells |
| lower esophageal sphincter (LES) | Ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach. Also called cardiac sphincter. |
| mastication | chewing |
| molar teeth | sixth, seventh, and eighth teeth from the middle on either side of teh dental arch. |
| premolar teeth | fourth and fifth teeth, before the molars |
| palate | roof of teh mouth, hard palate lies anterior to the soft palate and is supported by the upper jawbone (maxilla). The soft palate is the posterior fleshy part between the mouth and the throat |
| pancreas | Organ under the stomach; produces insulin (for transport of sugar into cells) and enzymes (for digestion of foods) |
| papillae | Small elevations on the tongue. nipple-like elevation |
| parotid gland | Salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear. |
| peristalsis | Rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs. In the gastrointestinal tract, peristalsis moves the contents through at different rates |
| pharynx | throat, the common passageway for food from the mouth and for air from the nose |
| portal vein | large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines |
| protease | Enzyme that digests protein |
| pulp | soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels |
| pyloric sphincter | ring of muscle at the of the stomach, near the duodenum. Normaly closed, but opens when a wave of peristalsis passes over it |
| pylorus | distal region of the stomach, opening to duodenum. |
| rectum | last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and the anus |
| rugae | ridges on the hard palate and the wall of teh stomach |
| saliva | digestive juice produced by salivary gland |
| salivary glands | parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands |
| sigmoid colon | fourth and last, s-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum |
| sphincter | circular rign of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening |
| stomach | muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus. the stomach's parts are the funus (proximal section), body (middle section), and antrum (distal section). |
| triglycerides | fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol |
| uvula | soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate. |
| villi | Microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into teh bloodstream |
| an/o | anus |
| append/o | appendix |
| appendic/o | appendix |
| bucc/o | cheek |
| cec/o | cecum |
| celi/o | belly, abdomen |
| cheil/o | lip |
| cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
| choledoch/o | colon, large intestine |
| col/o | colon, large intestine |
| colon/o | colon |
| dent/i | tooth |
| duoden/o | duodenum |
| enter/o | intestines, usually small intestine |
| esophag/o | esophagus |
| faci/o | face |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| gingiv/o | gums |
| gloss/o | tongue |
| hepat/o | liver |
| ile/o | ileum |
| jejun/o | jejunum |
| labi/o | lip |
| lapar/o | abdomen |
| lingu/o | tongue |
| mandibul/o | lwer jaw, mandible |
| odont/o | tooth |
| or/o | mouth |
| palat/o | palate |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| peritone/o | peritoneum |
| pharyng/o | throat |
| proct/o | anus and rectum |
| pylor/o | pyloric sphincter |
| rect/o | rectum |
| sialaden/o | salivary gland |
| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon |
| stomat/o | mouth |
| uvul/o | uvula |
| amyl/o | starch |
| bil/i | gall, bile |
| bilirubin/o | bilirubin (bile pigment) |
| chol/e | gall, bile |
| chlorhydr/o | hydrochloric acid |
| gluc/o | sugar |
| glyc/o | sugar |
| glycogen/o | glycogen, animal starch |
| lip/o | fat, lipid |
| lith/o | stone |
| prote/o | protein |
| sial/o | saliva, salivary |
| steat/o | fat |
| -ase | anzyme |
| -chezia | defecation, elimination of waste |
| -iasis | abnormal condition |
| -prandial | meal |
| anorexia | lack of appetite |
| ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen |
| borborygmus | rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the GI tract |
| constipation | difficulty in passing stools (feces) |
| diarrhea | frequent passage of loose, watery stools |
| dysphagia | difficulty in swallowing |
| eructation | gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth |
| flatus | gas expelled through the anus |
| hematochezia | passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum |
| jaundice (icterus) | yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood |
| melena | black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood |
| nausea | unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit |
| steatorrhea | fat in the feces; froth, foul-smelling fecal matter |
| aphthous stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers |
| dental carries | tooth decay |
| herpatic stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with teh herpesvirus |
| oral leukoplakia | white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth |
| periodontal disease | inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone |
| achalasia | -chalasia (relaxation). failure of the lower esophagus sphincter muscle to relax |
| esophageal cancer | malignant tumor of the eosphagus |
| esophageal varices | swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus. |
| gastric cancer | malignant tumor of the stomach |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease | solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach |
| hernia | Protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle nomrally containing it |
| peptic ulcer | open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum |
| anal fistula | abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus |
| colonic polyps | Polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon |
| colorectal cancer | adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum , or both |
| Crohn disease | chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract (terminal ileum and colon) |
| diverticulosis | abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall |
| dysentery | painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection |
| hemorrhoids | swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region |
| ileus | loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of teh intestines |
| intussusception | telescoping of teh intestines |
| irritable bowel syndrome | group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension |
| ulcerative colitis | chronic inflammation of teh colon with presence of ulcers |
| volvulus | twisting of the intestine on itself |
| cholelithiasis | gallstones in the gallbladder |
| cirrhosis | chronic degenerative disease of the liver |
| pancreatic cancer | malignant tumor of the pancreas |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| viral hepatitis | inflammation of teh liver caused by a virus |
| abscess | infected area |
| ileostomy | the creation of an opening (-stomy) from the ileum (ile/o) to the surface of the abdomen for emptying feces out of the body |
| enteroenterostomy | involves creating an artificial opening (-stomy) or connection between two segments of the intestine (enter/o + enter/o), |
| pancreatoduodenectomy | the removal of all or part of the pancreas and duodenum to relieve obstructions in pancreatic cancer (sometimes called the Whipple procedure). |
| cholecystectomy | (cholecyst/o = gallbladder; -ectomy = removal) or to remove the stone by choledochotomy (choledoch/o = common bile duct; -tomy = process of cutting), |
| laparoscopic cholecystectomy | laparoscope is used to remove the damaged gallbladder through a much smaller incision and the use of endoscopes. |
Created by:
pammy7130
Popular Biology sets