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SS-Bio23 18

QuestionAnswer
biological species concept A definition of species that relies on the breeding behavior of populations in nature. Accordingly, populations that actually or potentially interbreed in nature and are reproductively isolated from other such groups constitute a species.
speciation The development of new species through evolution.
allopatric speciation Speciation that involves the geographic separation of populations. Most speciation involves geographic separation, followed by the development of intrinsic isolating mechanisms in the separated populations.
intrinsic isolating mechanism A difference in anatomy, physiology, or behavior that prevents interbreeding between individuals of the same species or of closely related species. One or more intrinsic isolating mechanisms must exist for two populations of the same species to begin the
reproductive isolating mechanism Any factor that, in nature, prevents interbreeding between individuals of the same or closely related species. These factors keep species separate.
sympathetic speciation A type of speciation that occurs without geographic separation of populations. Polyploidy is one form of sympatric speciation.
polyploidy A process by which one of the more sets of chromosomes are added to the genome of an organism. Human beings cannot survive in polyploidy state, but many plants flourish in it. Polyploidy is a means by which speciation can occur (most often in plants) in
adaptive radiation The rapid emergence of many species from a single species that has been introduced to an new environment. The different species specialized to fill available niches in the new environment.
class A taxonomic grouping subordinate to phylum and superordinate to order. Humans are in the class Mammalia.
domain The highest-level taxonomic grouping of organisms. There are only three domains: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
family A taxonomic grouping of related genera. This category is subordinate to order and superordinate to genus..
genus A taxonomic grouping of related species. This category is subordinate to family and superordinate to species. Humans are in the genus Homo.
kingdom A taxonomic grouping superordinate to every other grouping except domain. There are four kingdoms in domain Eukarya: Protista, Fungi, Animalia, and Plantae.
order A taxonomic grouping subordinate to class and superordinate to family. Humans are in the order Primates.
phylum A category of living things , directly subordinate to the category of kingdom, whose members share traits as a result of shared ancestry.
species Groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups.
analogy A structure found in different organisms that is similar in function and appearance, but is not the result of shared ancestry.
homology A structure that is shared in different organisms owing to inheritance from a common ancestor. Homologies are used to decipher evolutionary relationships.
phylogeny A hypothesis about the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms.
convergent evolution Evolution that occurs when similar environmental influences shape two separate evolutionary lines in similar ways.
Created by: opentoinput
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