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SS-Bio23 17
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| genotype | The genetic makeup of an organism, including all the genes that lie along its chromosomes. |
| phenotype | A physical function, bodily characteristic, or behavior of an organism. |
| population | All the members of a species that live in a defined geographic region at a given time. |
| species | Groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups. |
| allele | One of the alternative forms of a single gene. In pea plants, a single gene codes for seed color, and it comes in two alleles-one codes for yellow seeds, the other for green seeds. |
| gene pool | The entire collection of alleles in a population. |
| evolution | Any genetically based phenotypic, change in a population of organisms over successive generations. Evolution can also be thought of as the process by which species of living things can undergo modification successive generations, with such modifications |
| macroevolution | Evolution that results in the formation of new species or other groupings of living things. |
| microevolution | A change of allele frequencies in a population over a short period of time. The basis for all large-scale or macroevolution. |
| bottleneck effect | A change in allele frequencies in a population due to chance, following a sharp reduction in the populations size. One of the factors that potentiates genetic drift. |
| founder effect | The phenomenon by which an initial gene pool for a population is established by means of that population migrating to a new and isolated area. One of the conditions that potentiates genetic drift. |
| gene flow | The movement of genes from one population to another. |
| sexual selection | In evolution, a form of natural selection that produces differential reproductive success based on differential success in obtaining mating partners. |
| genetic drift | The change alteration of allele frequencies in a population, with such alterations having greatest impact on small populations. |
| migration | A regular movement of animals from one location to a distant location. Also, the movement of individuals from one population into the territory of another population. Migration is the basis of gene flow among populations. |
| natural selection | A process in which the differential adaptation of organisms to their environment selects those traits that will be passed on with greater frequency from one generation to the next. |
| adaptation | An evolutionary modification in the structure or behavior of organisms over generations that makes them better suited to their environment. |
| fitness | The success of an organism, relative to other members of its population, in passing on its genes to offspring. Fitness is a relative concept only |
| directional selection | In evolution, the type of natural selection that moves a character toward one of its extremes. Compare to stabilizing and disruptive selection. |
| disruptive selection | In evolution, the type of natural selection that moves a character toward both of its extremes, operating against individuals that are average for that character. This type of selection seems to be less common in nature than either stabilizing or directi |
| stabilizing selection | In evolution, the type of natural selection in which intermediate forms of a given character are favored over either extreme. This process tends to maintain the average for the character. Compare to directional and disruptive selection. |
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