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SS-Bio23 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| biotechnology | The use of technology to harness the power of biological processes as a means of meeting societal needs. |
| polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | A technique for generating many copies of a DNA sequence. |
| restriction enzyme | A type of enzyme, occurring naturally in bacteria, that recognizes a specific series of DNA bases and cuts the DNA strand at that site. Restriction enzymes are used in biotechnology to cut DNA in specific places. |
| transgenic organism | An organism whose genome has stably incorporated one or more genes from another species. |
| plasmid | A ring of DNA that lies outside the chromosome in bacteria. Plasmids can move into bacterial cells in the process called transformation, thus making them a valuable tool in biotechnology. |
| recombinant DNA | Two or more segments of DNA that have been combined by humans into a sequence that does not exist in nature. |
| clone | An exact genetic copy. Also used as a verb - - to make one of these copies. A single gene or a whole, complex organism can be cloned. |
| reproductive cloning | The cloning of whole, complex living things. |
| stem cells | Cells with the capacity to produce more cells of their own type, along with at least one type of specialized daughter cells. |
| blastocyst | Hollow, fluid-filled ball of cells that is formed in the early stages of the embryonic development of humans and other mammals. In non-mammalian animals , the blastocyst is known as the blastula. |
| embryonic stem cell | A cell from the blastocyst stage of a human embryo that is capable of giving rise to almost all of the cells or tissues in the body. |
| therapeutic cloning | The uses of cloning to produce human embryonic stem cells that can be used to treat disease. |