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SS-Bio23 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ribosome | An organelle, located in the cell's cytoplasm, that is the site of protein synthesis. The translation phase of protein synthesis takes place within ribosomes. |
| transcription | The process in which DNA's information is copied onto mRNA. This process, the first stage in protein synthesis, occurs in the cell nucleus. |
| translation | The process by which a polypeptide chain is produced within a ribosome, based on the information encoded in messenger RNA. This process, the second major stage in protein synthesis (after transcription), occurs in the cytoplasm. |
| messenger RNA (mRNA) | A type of RNA that encodes, and carries to ribosomes, information for the synthesis of proteins. |
| RNA polymerase | The enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix and put together a chain of RNA nucleotides complementary to the exposed DNA nucleotides. |
| codon | An mRNA triplet that codes for a single amino acid or a start or a stop command in the translation stage of protein synthesis. |
| genetic code | The inventory that specifies which nucleotide triplets code for which particular amino acids, or for start or for stop commands in protein synthesis. With few exceptions, the genetic code is universal in living things. |
| ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | A type of RNA that, along with proteins, forms ribosomes. |
| transfer RNA (tRNA) | A form of RNA that, in protein synthesis, bonds with amino acids, transfers them to ribosomes, and then bonds with messenger RNA. |
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