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SS-Bio23 11
Biology with Physiology Chapter 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cross-pollinate | In plant breeding, the transfer of pollen from the anther of one plant to the stigma of another. |
| genotype | The genetic makeup of an organism, including all the genes that lie along its chromosomes. |
| phenotype | A physical function, bodily characteristic, or behavior of an organism. |
| allele | One of the alternative forms of a single gene. In pea plants, a single gene codes for seed color, and it comes in two alleles-one codes for yellow seeds, the other for green seeds. |
| dominant | Term used to designate an allele that is expressed in the heterozygous condition. |
| heterozygous | Possessing two different alleles of a gene for a given character. |
| homozygous | Having two identical alleles of a gene for a given character. |
| Law of Segregation | Differing characters in organisms result from two genetic elements (alleles) that separate in gamete formation, such that each gamete gets only one of the two alleles. Also known as Mendel's First Law, this is one of the principles of inheritance formula |
| recessive | Term used to designate an allele that is not expressed in the heterozygous condition. |
| Law of Independent Assortment | During gamete formation, gene pairs assort independently of one another. Also known as Mendel's Second Law, this is one of the principles of inheritance formulated by Gregor Mendel. |
| multiple alleles | Three or more alleles – alternative forms of a gene – occurring in a population. |
| polygenic inheritance | Inheritance of a genetic character that is determined by the interaction of multiple genes, with each gene having a small additive effect on the character. |
| bell curve | A distribution of values that is symmetrically largest around the average. |