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Biology Exam 3

QuestionAnswer
What makes up the backbone of DNA Sugar-phosphate groups
What are the nitrogen bases in DNA held together by? Hydrogen bonding
What word can DNA based be described as? semiconservative
What does a codon consist of? Three nucleotide bases and strands for a particular amino acid of a polypeptide
What is the genetic code? and what is each code word? triplet code; codon
What is the 1st step of DNA replication? Transcription
During Transcription, a DNA strand serves as a a template for what? A template for the formation of a messenger RNA molecule
In Transcription, what is processed before being able to leave the nucleus? Eukaryotic mRNAs
What is the 2nd step of DNA replication? Translation
During Translation, mRNA directs what in a specific order? amino acids of a polypeptide are joined by a ribosome
In Translation, What ferries the amino acids to the ribosome? tRNA (Transfer RNA)
What does Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) contribute in Translation? rRNA contributes to the catalytic activity of the ribosome
What is the definition of meiosis? form of cell division that leads to the production of gametes
What are gametes egg cells and sperm cells
Meiosis does NOT always produce gametes. True or False. True
Gametes are ________, containing only 1 set of chromosomes, and and somatic cells are __________, containing 2 sets of chromosomes Haploid, Diploid
What are the two ways sexual reproduction can happen syngamy (fertilization) and meiosis
What is synapsis? During Meiosis I, homologous chromosomes become closely associated with each other
What are the Proteins between the homologues chromosomes held together by? synaptonemal complex
What is a centromere? constricted region
What is crossing over? genetic recombination between non-sister chromatids, so a physical exchange of regions of the chromatids
What is the site of crossing over? chiasmata
When are the homologues separated from each other? Anaphase I
Meiosis begins with what type of cell? A diploid cell
In mitosis what separates and goes to different cells? sister chromatids
In meiosis what separates and goes to different cells? homologous chromatids
Evolution finds ways to get around crossing over in order to keep favorable genes. TRUE or FALSE TRUE
What is the ultimate source of variation? mutation
How many microtubules can attach to kinecotchores? 1
What 4 features characterize meiosis? 1. Synapsis and Crossing Over 2. Sister Chromatids remain joined at their centromeres throughout meiosis I 3. Sister chromatics move to the same pole in meiosis I 4. DNA replication is suppressed between meiosis I and meiosis II
What feature in meiosis reshuffles the genes? Crossing over
Are the haploid cells produced by meiosis identical to each other? NO. They are NOT identical
Are the cells produced by mitosis identical to each other? YES. They ARE identical
How many different combinations of homologous pairs are there? 2^23
Created by: ElseyGN
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