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historical geol 4
lower paloezoic
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| general aspects for Cambrian - Ordovician | tectonic cycles |
| transgressive phase - Cambrian | phase 1 |
| oceans over continents forming epeiric (inland) seas | phase 1 |
| Cambriain - most of the craton covered by water | epeiric seas |
| warm climate | phase 1 |
| volcanism at a low ebb | phase 1 |
| sandstones - shales - limestones | sediments |
| offshore overlies onshore | Walther's Law - Transgressive section |
| interfingering relationships | Walther's Law - Transgressive section |
| time lines cut lithologies | Walther's Law - Transgressive section |
| mainly fine grained marine sediment | Walther's Law - Transgressive section |
| limestones dominated | marine sediment |
| near-shore clastics | marine sediment |
| sequences thickening offshore due to sediment loading and lithosphere cooling | Walther's Law - Transgressive section |
| regressive phase - Late Ordovician | phase 2 |
| retreating water due to major glaciation - sea level fall | phase 2 |
| coastal land disturbance and uplift | phase 2 |
| continental sediment abundant | phase 2 |
| climates diversify | phase 2 |
| cooler temperatures | phase 2 |
| (Phase 1 transgression) | early cambrian |
| trilobites abundant | Phase 1 |
| liked warm, shallow fine grained system | trilobites |
| Laurentia (N. Am., Greenland, British Isles) | Phase 1 |
| just north of the equator | Laurentia |
| rotated 90o | Laurentia |
| global circulation changes, regression | Late Cambrian |
| climatic cooling | Late Cambrian |
| periodic trilobite mass extinctions | Late Cambrian |
| dark shales deposited with fossil graptolites | Middle Ordovician |
| identified as the graptolite facies | Middle Ordovician |
| Laurentia still near equator but rotated 45o | Middle Ordovician |
| position continents by latitude | paleomagnetism |
| faunal provinces indicate latitude | paleobiogeography |
| sediments as climate indicators | paleoclimatology |
| warm, dry | dunes |
| warm, wet | coals |
| cold, wet (glaciation) | tills |
| Grenville to 880 Ma | Precambrian disturbance |
| settled into transgressive phase 1 in the Cambrian | Precambrian disturbance |
| Ozark Mts. - Precambrian | broad continental highs |
| Transcontinental Arch; cambrian | broad continental highs |
| Wisconsin Dome; cambrian | broad continental highs |
| Ordovician - Cincinnati Arch | broad continental highs |
| Late Ordovician | Taconic Orogeny |
| only in the Eastern US - Appalachian area | (Phase 2 regression) |
| Western Laurentia was stable | (Phase 2 regression) |
| Laurentia - collided with an island arc | (Phase 2 regression) |
| oceanic crust obducted - thrust up | Taconic Orogeny |
| ophiolites (ocean crust) exposed | Taconic Orogeny |
| Iapetus (proto-atlantic) Ocean beginning to close | Taconic Orogeny |
| eroded sands spread west from eastern highs | phase 2 |
| abundant salt deposits developed ~500 m thick | (Phase 1 transgression) |
| shallow epicontinental seas | (Phase 1 transgression) |
| early Cambrian - radiation of life was slow | cambrian life |
| algae in epicontinental seas | plants |
| abundant, marine; calcium used in shells | invertebrates |
| uses inorganics as food - plants | autotrophic |
| uses organics as food - animals | heterotrophic |
| fixed forms were filter or suspension feeders | Modes of Life |
| most mobile forms were deposit feeders | Modes of Life |
| Siberia | Tommotian Fauna |
| small skeletal elements | Tommotian Fauna |
| many not associated with any living phylum | Tommotian Fauna |
| some ancestral to mollusks; brachiopods; sponges | Tommotian Fauna |
| Age of trilobites | (Arthropods) |
| 75% of all Cambrian fossils | (Arthropods) |
| good guide/index fossils | (Arthropods) |
| lived on shallow shelves | (Arthropods) |
| bottom feeder | (Arthropods) |
| calcium phosphate carapace | (Arthropods) |
| fixed to the bottom | brachiopods |
| phosphatic shells | brachiopods |
| mainly inarticulate | brachiopods |
| Class Inarticulata | brachiopods |
| not hinged | brachiopods |
| extinction in the Cambrian | archaeocyathids |
| cone shaped | archaeocyathids |
| helped form early reefs in Tommotian time | archaeocyathids |
| closely related to sponges | archaeocyathids |
| Middle Cambrian | Burgess Shale |
| black shale in the Canadian Rocky Mountains | Burgess Shale |
| soft body organisms well preserved | Burgess Shale |
| Pikaia - Burgess Shale | first vertebrate |
| has a notochord | chordate |
| named Anatolepis) - dated at 510 Ma | first fish |
| found in the Deadwood formation, Wyoming | first fish |
| Cambrian to Triassic | conodonts |
| rasping organs from a chordate | conodonts |
| excellent guide fossil | conodonts |
| generally warm shallow seas | Ordovician life |
| Plants/bacteria - first land plants - restricted to moist habitats | Ordovician life |
| algae in epicontinental seas | plants |
| reproduction using spores | plants |
| significant decline - increased predation | stromatolites |
| major evolutionary radiation in the oceans | invertebrates |
| key guide fossils | graptolites |
| cephalopods advanced invertebrates | nautiloid |
| calcium carbonate shell (CaCO3) common | Middle - Late Ordovician |
| abundant oil/gas formed form organic material | Middle - Late Ordovician |
| height of trilobite development | Middle - Late Ordovician |
| eurypterids: water scorpions | Middle - Late Ordovician |
| corals (rugose) and crinoids common | Ordovician to Permian |
| first colonies of bryozoans | Ordovician to Permian |
| stromatoporoids and tabulates | Ordovician to Permian |
| fish continued adaptive radiation | Ordovician to Permian vertebrates |
| major mass extinction/glaciation near the end of the Ordovician | Ordovician to Permian |
Created by:
lmulke1
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