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9
Inheritance
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. heredity | the passage of traits from parent to offspring |
| 2. genetics | the study of the processes by which traits are passed from one generation to another |
| 3. genotype | the genetic makeup of an individual made of 2 alleles |
| 4. phenotype | the expression of the genotype of an individual; the physical characteristics of an organism |
| 5. homozygous | the term used to refer to a genotype that has two identical allleles for a particular trait |
| 6. heterozygous | the term used to refer to a genotype that has two different allleles for a particular trait |
| 7. allele | one of a number of different forms of a trait |
| 8. hybrid | the offspring of crosses between parents that have different traits |
| 9. pure breeding | organisms that will produce offspring identical to themselves when allowed to self pollinate |
| 10. dominance | describes traits that always express/show themselves |
| 11. recessive | describes traits that only express themselves when paired with 2 similar alleles |
| 12. meiosis | the process of division by which gametes are produced that have 1/2 the number of chromosomes |
| 13. Punnett squares | used to predict and compare the offspring produced by a designated cross/mating |
| 14. independent assortment | genes for different traits separate independently during the formation of gametes by meiosis |
| 15. incomplete dominance | blending of the traits of a heterozygous genotype |
| 16. codominance | form of inheritance in which both alleles of a genotype are expressed equally to produce a phenotype |
| 17. multiple alleles | gene that have not 2 but 3 forms of the alleles, example: blood type |
| 18. polygenic | traits that are controlled by 2 or more genes |
| 19. random fertilization | source of genetic variation caused by the unlimited number of possible sperm & egg combinations |
| 20. crossing over | the exchange of chromosome segments during prophase I of meiosis that causes genetic recombination |
| 21. homologous | pairs of chromosomes that are similar in structure and genetic makeup, one of which is comes from the mother while the other is derived from the father |
| 22. linkage | the condition where genes for different traits are carried on the same chromosome |
| 23. phenotypic ratio produced by a heterozygous X heterozygous monohybrid cross, Aa X Aa | 3:1 |
| 24. genotypic ratio produced by a heterozygous X heterozygous monohybrid cross, Aa X Aa | 1:2:1 |
| 25. phenotypic ratio produced by a heterozygous X heterozygous dihybrid cross, AaBc X AaBc | 9:3:3:1 |
Created by:
kyliew2014
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