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Impact of Genomics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Genetics | the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms |
| Genes | Sequences of DNA that encode particular proteins |
| Genomics | looking at the human body, multiple, interacating genes |
| Proteomics | focuses on proteins that specific cell types produce |
| Modes of inheritance | patterns in which genes are transmitted in families, trait is dominate ore recessive, autosomal or carried on a sex chromosome |
| Meiosis | cell division that halves the genetic material, resulting in egg and sperm cells |
| karyotypes | a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs |
| autosomes | chromosomes that do not carry genes that determine sex |
| sex chromosomes | X and Y chromosomes |
| homozygous | identical alleles in a gene pair |
| heterozygous | two different alleles for a gene |
| alleles | variant form of nucleotide building block of a gene |
| genotype | particular combination of gene varients (alleles) in a genome |
| genome | complete set of genetic instructions for an organism |
| phenotype | The physical traits that appear in an individual as a result of its gentic make up. |
| mutant | an allele that is a change from wild type producing uncommon phenotype |
| dominant | allele who action masks that of another allele |
| recessive | allele whose expression is masked |
| autosomal | all the other genes in the body that are not sex-linked. |
| pedigree | diagram showing family relationships, genotypes and phenotypes- circle female, square male |
| incomplete dominance | a condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of the individual's two parents because the dominant allele is unable to express itself fully |
| codominate | different alleles that are both expressed in a heterozygote |
| variably expressive | phenotype if symptoms vary in intensit in different people usually the case |
| pleiotropy | single genetic disorder produce several symptoms a phenomenon |
| genetic heterogeneity | different genes producing the same phenotype |
| polygenic | traits determined by more than one gene also influenced by environment |
| genomic imprinting | 1% exhibit of human genes, a phenomenon in which expression of an allele in offspring depends on whether the allele is inherited from the male or female parent |
| gamete | a mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that unites with another cell to form a new organism |
| polyploidy | drastic upset in chromosome number is an entire extra set |
| nondisjuntion | meiotic error in aneuploid |
| trisomy | born with wrong number of chromosomes plus an extra one |
| monosomy | born with the wrong number of chromosomes and missing one |
| Klinefelter syndrome | XXY syndrome males with an extra X chromosome |
| proteomics | identifying sets of proteins |
| gene expression profiling | glimpses of gene function |
Created by:
matthewphillips
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