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inheritance
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| genes | segments of an organism's DNA that produce a particular functional product |
| genetic variation | differences in traits amoung 1 another |
| genotype | genetic make-up |
| phenotype | physical traits / apperance |
| heterozygous | dominant / recessive for same allele (Tt) |
| homozygous | dominant / dominant ; recessive / recessive for the same allele (TT) or (tt) |
| mutation | change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's genetic material |
| where do mutations occur ? | anywhere |
| pedigree | phenotypic family tree, helps in the study of gene expression and heredity in humans |
| dominant | TT , Tt ; the big letter for the trait |
| recessive | tt ; the little letters for the trait |
| allele | alternat forms of a certian / particular gene |
| Tay-Sachs | lack of an enzyme needed to break down lipids required for normal brain function; results in blindness and early death; autosomal recessive |
| hemophilia | caused by absence of one or more protein-clotting factors; sex-linked recessive mutation |
| sex-linked | all genes on the X chromosome |
| linked genes | genes on the same chromosome are always inherited together (unless crossing over separates them) |
| monohybrid cross | Tt and Tt mate |
| law of segregation | the law that states during the formation of gametes, the two traits carried by each parent separate |
| Gregory Mendel | father of modern genetics; collected data from a large sample of plants |
| law of dominance | law stating that when two homozygous organisms with opposing traits breed, the offspring will be hybrids but only show the dominant phenotype |
| inherit | get from parents or other family members |
| law of independent assortment | applies to a cross between individuals hybrid for two or more traits; genes will assort independently |
| incomplete dominance | blending; white flower + red flower = pink flower |
| codominance | in hybrid condition, both traits show |