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AP Focus 13
Transport of Water in Plants
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Water and any dissolved substances (minerals, etc) move through the root hairs and into roots through this | Osmosis |
| Non-living path through cell walls outside the living cells | Apoplast |
| How water moves from one cell to the next outside the the vascular bundle/stele | By moving through the cell walls outside the living cells (apoplast) |
| The only way water and dissolved minerals can move into the vascular bundle | Through selective living cells gaps (plasmodesmata) |
| Selective living cells gaps | Plasmodesmata |
| Pathnthrough the selective living cells gaps | Symplast |
| Living endodermal cells allow this to pass | Potassium |
| Living endodermal cells block this mineral | Salt |
| Three major forces at play in water movement (each have an additive effect to water entering and then moving up the stem towards the leaf) | Osmosis, capillary action, and tension-cohesion model |
| Mineral concentration inside the vascular bundle is kept greater than outside | Osmosis |
| Osmotic force that generates a negative water potential (water moves to where water potential is most negative | Root pressure |
| Can cause guttation | Root pressure |
| The forcing of water out the margins of leaves, looks like dew | Guttation |
| The thin diamter tubes of xylem permit capillary action as water adheres to the side walls then cohesion draws more water up the xylem | Capillary action |
| Sums up the minor effects of osmosis and capillary action and adds additional drawing factors | Tension-cohesion model |
| Three parts of the tension-cohesion model | Transpiration, cohesion, bulk flow |
| The evaporation of water from leaf stomata, as water evaporates, the lost water creates a negative pressure or suction | Transpiration |
| Water molecules adhering to one another, the hydrogen bonding between water molecules forms a chain as if the column of water was a singly polymer | Cohesion |
| As one water molecule is lost from the top of the water chain, it pulls up the rest of the chain after it, the loss of water occurs due to the heating action of the sun, thus the main driving force of the xylem water movement is solar heating | Bulk Flow |
| The pores in leaves and sometimes stems | Stomata |
| Have the difficult task of stopping water loss while at the same time trying to let C02 in for photosynthesis | Stomata |
| Border the stomata and take in water via osmosis, as they do this they buldge like overfilled sausage links and spread forming a wide stomata opening | Guard cells |
| When guard cells are in this state, they lie together closing the stomata | Flaccid |
| What happens to stomata when the temperature increases to prevent water loss (photosynthesis now can't operate) | Close |
| What happens to stomata when C02 levels drop so plant can begin photosynthesis (exception- if it's too hot) | Open |
| Stomata do this at night (not doing photosynthesis) | Close |
| Stomata do this during the day (unless a CAM plant) | Open |
| Cause a low water potential in the guard cells so water rushes in via osmosis and stomata open | K+ ions transported into the guard cells |
| How stomatal cells compensate since excess K+ ions cause a charge imbalance | By pumping in Cl- or pumping out H+ ions |
Created by:
AliRutherford
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