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Brooke's Notes

Brooke's Chapter notes

QuestionAnswer
Scientific Method set of steps used to solve problems
variables are factors that can change in an expirement
how many variables can be tested at one time? one
independent variable the one being tested
dependent variable variable being measured
constants variables that do not change
control standard in which results are compared
technology use of science discoveries for practical purposes
is technology transferable??? WELL DUH!!!!!
meteorology study of weather
rain guage first intrument of weather
scientific theory an explanation backed by results of many tests
scientific law describes how things work in nature
ethics deals with moral values about what is good or bad
bias personal opinion (best to prevent these)
matter made up of atoms
element substances that contain only one type of atom
proton positive charge
electron negative charge
neutron no charge
atomic number tells the number of protons and electrons in an atom
atomic mass number tells the number of protons + neutrons in an atoms nucleus
isotopes atoms of the same element that have different neutrons
ions electrically charged atoms
bond force that holds atoms together
minerals naturally occuring, inorganic solid that has a definate chemical composition and an orderly internal atomic structure
naturally occuring formed by processes inside or on earth, not man made
inorganic not made from living things
crystal solid with atoms arranged in repeating patterns
magma hot melted rock
magma cools slowly large crystals are formed
magma cools quickly smaller crystals are formed
mineral groups are defined by their composition
silicates contain the element silicon and oxygen and one or more other elements
hardness is the measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched
luster way a mineral reflects light
metallic luster looks like metal
non-metallic luster doesnt look like metal
specific gravity ratio of a minerals weight to the weight of an equal volume of water
streak the color of a mineral in its powdered form
break the way a mineral breaks
cleavage minerals that break along smooth, flat surfaces
fracture minerals that break with uneven, jagged surfaces.
gems are rare and beautiful minerals that are highly prized.
ores mineral or rock containing a substance that can be mined for a profit.
vein mineral when metallic elements dissolve and form mineral deposits in cracks and crevices of rock
rock a mixture of minerals, volcanic glass, organic matter and other materials
rock cycle model showing the processes that create and change rock
igneous rock forms when magma cools
lava magma that has reached the earths crust
intrusive igneous slowly cooled magma inside the earths crust;small crystals will form.
extrusive igneous quickly cooled magma outside the earths crust;large crystals will form.
metamorphic rock formed from heat, pressure, and hot fluids.
foliated when mineral grains flatten in parallel layers
nonfoliated when mineral grains rearrange and do NOT form layers
sedimentary rock form from compaction and cementation of sediments
detrial form from small rock particles
chemical form from dissolved minerals
organic formed from remains of once living plants or animals
mechanical weathering physical process that breaks rocks into sediments
plant roots grow and expand rock, causing it to break
ice wedging water enters crevices, freezes, and expands causing it to break
crystal growth solutions enter, water evaporates, forms crystals that push the rock apart.
wind and water constant pounding of wind and water that breaks rock particles.
chemical weathering chemical reactions dissolve minerals and rocks breaking them down.
oxidation chemical process that breaks down iron.
carbonic acid CO2, react with minerals breaking them down.
continental drift hypothesis stating all continents were once connected but have moved to their current locations.
pangaea large landmass formed by connected continents
Alfred Wergener formed the
Created by: brookep0049
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