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7

Molecular Genetics

QuestionAnswer
1. Transformation process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria
2. DNA molecule responsible for inheritance; nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose
3. Nucleotides monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
4. Base Pairing principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine
5. Chromatin granular material visible within the nucleus
6. Histones globular protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin
7. Replication copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA
8. DNA Polymerase enzyme that "proofreads" new DNA strands, helping to ensure that each molecule is a nearly perfect copy of the original DNA
9. RNA single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose
10. Messenger RNA RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell
11. Ribosomal RNA type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes
12. Transfer RNA type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
13. Transcription RNA polymerase binds to DNA and separates the strands. RNA polymerase then uses one strand of DNA as a template from which nucleotides are assembled into a strand of RNA
14. RNA Polymerase enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription
15. Promotors special sequences of bases that allow binding of RNA polymerase: includes RNA coding sequence and terminatior sequence
16. Introns Long segments of nucleotides that have no coding information
17. Exons expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein
18. Codon three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid
19. Translation the cell uses messenger RNA to produce proteins
20. Anticodon group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon
21. Mutations change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information
22. Gene Mutation a mutation due to an intramolecular reorganization of a gene
23. Chromosomal Mutation changes in the number or structure of chromosomes
24. Point Mutation mutation that affects a single nucleotide, usually by substituting one nucleotide for another
25. Frameshift Mutation mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
Created by: kyliew2014
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