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Weathering/Water/Soi
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abrasion | the process where rocks that are carried by wind or water scrape and wear away other rocks |
| acid rain | when pollutants combine with rain water to lower the pH |
| arid | dry |
| capillarity | a process where water is drawn upward against the force of gravity |
| chemical weathering | the breaking down of rocks that changes its composition (acid rain, rust) |
| clay | the smallest and least permeable sediment |
| condensation | the process where a gas is changed into a liquid as it loses energy |
| evaporation | the process where a liquid is changed to a gas as it gains energy |
| evapotranspiration | the sum of all of the transpiration and evaporation in the ecosystem |
| frost action | a type of mechanical weathering where water freezes in the cracks of rocks and expands causing the rock to break |
| groundwater | water that soaks into the ground and is an important source of drinking water |
| humid | when the air contains a lot of moisture |
| infiltration | when the ground soaks up water |
| permeability | a measure of how well sediments soak up water (gravel=high and clay=low) |
| physical weathering | breaking down rocks without changing the composition (ex: root pry, ice wedging) |
| porosity | a measure of the volume of empty space in a soil sample |
| precipitation | any form of water that falls from clouds (rain, snow, sleet, etc) |
| root wedging (plant action) | when plant roots grow in the cracks of rocks |
| runoff | rain water that flows over the ground (from high elevation to low elevation) |
| sediment | pieces of rock (pebbles, gravel, sand, silt, clay) |
| transpiration | water that evaporated from a plant |
| zone of saturation | the zone where all the empty space in rock are filled with water |
| water cycle | the movement of water through the oceans, atmosphere, plants, animals, lakes, etc |
| water table | the upper level of the zone of saturation |
| biological (organic) | anything resulting from living organism (plants, animals, bacteria, etc) |
| soil | the upper layer of Earth that contains rock sediments AND organic material (from living and once living things) |