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EQ Vocab
NCTS - Unit 5: EQ Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Earthquake | a sudden release of energy that causes the Earth’s surface to shake |
| Seismology | the study of Earth’s movements (“seismos” = Earth’s movements) |
| Stress | forces that act on a particular area (this causes EQs) |
| Strain | the result/deformation (wear & tear) caused by stress |
| Compression Stress | a force that pushes plates together |
| Tension Stress | a force that pulls plates apart |
| Shear Stress | a forces that causes plates to slide or twist past each other |
| Plate Tectonics | when convection currents inside the Earth’s mantle cause the tectonic plates to move |
| Epicenter | the point directly above the focus (the source) of the EQ located on the surface (where the most VIOLENT shaking occurs) |
| Focus | the point where the EQ originates (where the rock first begins to break) located inside the Earth |
| Magnitude | strength of an EQ; the amount of energy released (measured by a seismograph) |
| Seismograph | uses (1) moving roll of paper, (2) moving base, (3) stationary pen and a (4) stationary weight to measure an EQ (machine) |
| Seismogram | gives us EQ information about: (1) direction of ground movement, (2) EQ strength, (3) time, (4) duration (paper) |
| Fault Lines | the line/crack where the rock breaks or separates, usually between two or more tectonic plates (on or near margins of plates) |
| Elastic Rebound Theory | When a force causes stored energy to be stressed, causing the rock to break and release its energy, returning back to its original shape and perhaps in a new relative location |
| Richter Scale | compares the strength of an EQ or the degree of magnitude (grows exponentially by 10) |
| Normal Fault | Forces pull in opposite directions. Rock above fault moves down. (Tension Stress/Divergent Boundary) |
| Reverse Fault | Forces push together. Rock above fault moves up. (Compression Stress/Convergent Boundary) |
| Strike-slip Fault | Forces push past each other. Rocks slip past each other horizontally. (Shear Stress/Transform Boundary) |
| Divergent Boundary | Boundary where 2 tectonic plates move in opposite directions (new crust created) |
| Convergent Boundary | Boundary where 2 tectonic plates come together (crust is destroyed) |
| Transform Boundary | Boundary where 2 tectonic plates SLIP past each other. |
| Body Waves | found within the Earth; includes Primary (P) and Secondary (S) waves – starts from the FOCUS |
| Primary Waves | fastest waves – LONGITUDINAL and COMPRESSION … moves back and forth like a slinky; can travel through solids, liquids, and gases |
| Secondary Waves | arrives 2nd – TRAVERSE or SHEAR … moves up and down like a wavy rope; travels through SOLIDS ONLY |
| Surface Waves | waves that travel on the surface; moves in a backward circular motion – UP and DOWN and BACK and FORTH…starts on EPICENTER – slowest waves |
| Mercalli Scale | based on observations of damage; accounts of people’s feelings |
Created by:
dsteffey
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