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Micro - Chap 12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sepsis | microbial contamination in tissue |
| asepsis | prevention of microbial entry into steril tissue |
| sterilization | removing all microbial life |
| commercial sterilization | killing C. botulinum endospores |
| disinfection | removing pathogens on inanimate objects |
| antisepsis | removing pathogens from living tissue |
| degerming | cleansing that removes microbes from living tissue |
| sanitization | cleansing microbes from inanimate objects |
| biocide/germicide | kills pathogenic microbes |
| bacteriostasis | inhibits, NOT KILLS, microbes |
| high resistance microbes (2) | prions, endospores |
| moderate resistance (4) | Pseudomonas, M. tuberculosis, S. aureus, protozoan cysts |
| low resistance (4) | vegetative cells, fungus/yeast, enveloped viruses, protozoan trophozoites |
| 5 things that affect microbial treatment | # of microbes, environment, time of exposure, microbe characteristics, temp & pH |
| 4 things microbial agents do | disruption of cell wall, alteration of membrane permeability, damage to proteins, damage to nucleic acids |
| 5 methods of PHYSICAL control | heat, cold, desiccation, radiation, filtration |
| thermal death point (TDP) | lowest temp at which all cells are killed in 10 min |
| thermal death time (TDT) | time during which all cells are killed |
| moist heat does what to proteins? | DENATURES |
| autoclave | steam under pressure |
| 2 words for intermittent system of moist heat | tyndallization - free flow steam |
| in moist heat, is sterilization guaranteed? | NO |
| how long is moist heat applied and for how many days? | 30-60 min, 3 days |
| boiling kills 4 things? | vegetative bacteria, vegetative fungi, protozoan trophozoites, most viruses |
| does boiling sterilize? | NO |
| does boiling disinfect? | YES |
| what survives pasteurization? | thermoduric organisms |
| 4 forms of dry heat sterilization | dry heat, flaming, incineration, hot-air sterilization |
| cold temperatures is what kind of microbial agent? | microbiostatic |
| desiccation, and leads to what? | gradual removal of water from cells, leads to metabolic inhibition |
| lyophilization | freeze drying for preservation |
| (3) ionizing radiation does what? | xrays, gamma rays, electron beams, DAMAGE DNA |
| (1) nonionizing radiation does what? | UV, DAMAGE DNA |
| microwaves kill by what and are they effective? | kills by heat, not especially antimicrobial |
| HEPA filtration removes microbes how big? from where? | >.3 micrometers, from AIR |
| membrane filtration removes microbes how big? from where? | >.22 micrometers, from LIQUID |
| 4 things of effective disinfection | concentration of disinfectant, organic matter, pH, time |
| 2 types of halogens | chlorine, iodine |
| halogens are how effective? | intermediate |
| what do halogens do? | denature proteins, chlorine disrups disulfide bonds |
| phenolics are how effective? | low-intermediate |
| 2 examples of phenolics | lysol, triclosan (antibacterial additive to soap) |
| what to phenolics do? (2) | disrupt cell walls/membranes and precipitate proteins |
| how effective are chlorhexidines? | low-intermediate |
| chlorhexidine is a | SURFACTANT |
| what does chlorhexidine do? | damages plasma membrane of vegetative cells |
| 2 examples of chlorhexidine | hibiclens, hibitane |
| what is chlorhexidine used for? | cleaning preoperative scrubs |
| alcohols are how effective? | intermediate |
| what do alcohols do? (2) | dissolve lipids and denature proteins |
| hydrogen peroxide is how effective? | HIGH |
| hydrogen peroxide does what? | oxidize molecules inside cell |
| detergents and soaps are how effective? | super low |
| what do DETERGENTS do? 1 example | alter membrane permeability, ammonia |
| what does soap do? | mechanically remove soil and grease containing microbes |
| heavy metals are how effective? | low |
| 3 examples of heavy metals | merthiolate, silver nitrate, silver |
| what do heavy metals do? | inactivates proteins |
| what is inhibition by heavy metals called? | oligodynamic action |
| how effective are aldehydes? | HIGH |
| 2 examples of aldehydes? | glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde |
| what do aldehydes do? | alkylate protein and DNA |
| how effective are gases/aerosols? | HIGH |
| 2 examples of gases/aerosols? | ethylene oxide, propylene oxide |
| gases/aerosols do what? | strong alkylating agents |
| use-dilution test | metal rings dried, placed in disinfectant, and regrown to see what died |
| disk diffusion method | did that in lab |
| organic acids inhibit what in food preservatives? | metabolism |
Created by:
ngrable
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