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Molecular Genetics

QuestionAnswer
genetics Scientific study of heredity
gamete A haploid egg or sperm cell; gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.
gene A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses).
genotype The genetic makeup of an organism.
gene map Diagram showing the relative locations of each known gene ona particular chromosome
fertilization The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.
true-breeding Term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate
trait Specific characteristics that varies from one individual to another
hybrid Offspring of two parents that differ in one or more inheritable characteristics.
allele An alternative form of a gene.
segregation Separation of alleles during gamete formation
probability Likelikhood that a particular event will occur
Punnett square The checkerboard diagram used for analysis of allele segregation.
homozygous Having two identical alleles for a given trait.
heterozygous Having two different alleles for a given genetic character.
phenotype The physical and physiological traits of an organism.
independent assortment Independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes
incomplete dominance A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties.
codominance A phenotypic situation in which both alleles are expressed in the heterozygote.
multiple alleles Three or more alleles of the same gene
polygenic traits Traits controlled by two or more genes
homologous Term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent
diploid Term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes
tetrad Structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis
meiosis Process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
haploid Term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes.
crossing-over Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis
Created by: matthewphillips
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