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Reading Terms
Kansas Reading Assessment Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Alliteration | A poetic device where the first consonant sounds are repeated, as in from stem to stern |
| Allusion | A reference to some event, person, place, or artistic work, which is not explained by the writer but relies on the reader’s familiarity with what is mentioned |
| Analogy | A partial similarity, as the computer is like the brain |
| Antagonist | The character that opposes the hero/heroine |
| Assonance | The repetition of similar vowel sounds in poetry |
| Autobiography | A biography of a person narrated by himself/herself |
| Bandwagon | Hopes to convince the audience to do or believe something because everyone else is doing it |
| Bias | A personal and sometimes unreasoned judgment |
| Bibliography | The works or a list of works referred to in a text or consulted by the author in its production |
| Cause-Effect | Something or someone that brings about a particular result, and the result of that action or event; a text structure |
| Character | A person or animal represented in or acting in a story, drama, etc. |
| Cliché | A trite or overused expression |
| Climax | The highest dramatic tension or a major turning point in the action |
| Compare/contrast | A literary technique of placing together like people, places, or ideas to show common or different features; a text structure |
| Conflict | The opposition of persons or forces that gives rise to the dramatic action in a drama or fiction |
| Connotation | The emotional meaning of a word |
| Context Clues | Information from the text that assists in identifying a word or word group |
| Crisis/Turning Moment | A point at which significant change occurs |
| Denotation | The dictionary meaning of a word |
| Denouement/Resolution | The outcome or solution of the plot |
| Description | A comparison in writing or speech that gives a picture of a character or event |
| Direct Characterization | Tells the audience what the personality of the character is |
| Dynamic Character | A character marked by usually continuous and productive activity or change |
| Exposition | Dialogue, description, etc., that gives the audience or reader the background of the characters and the present situation |
| Expository Text | A piece of writing that explains or informs |
| Falling Action | The events of a dramatic or narrative plot following the climax |
| First Person Point of View | A point of view in which and “I” or “we” serves as the narrator of a piece of fiction; allows a reader to feel very close to a specific character’s point of view |
| Flashback | A technique of disrupting the chronology of a narrative by shifting to an earlier time in order to introduce information |
| Flat Character | A character that represents a single trait (or very few traits), such as a loyal sidekick |
| Foreshadowing | The technique of giving clues to coming evens in a body of writing |
| Hyperbole | An intentionally exaggerated figure of speech, such as I have told you a million times |
| Idiom | An expression that does not mean what it literally says, such as, “He put his foot in his mouth” |
| Inciting Incident | A plot element that arrives near the beginning of a drama or story; begins the action and sets up the main question |
| Indirect Characterization | Shows things that reveal the personality of the character |
| Inference | The act or process of deriving logical conclusions from premises know or assumed to be true |
| Inference | A logical guess based on evidence based on evidence in the text |
| Irrelevancy | The quality or state of being unrelated to a matter being considered |
| Jargon | Speech or writing having unusual or pretentious vocabulary, convoluted phrasing, and vague meaning |
| Loaded Language | Usually contains words with strong positive or negative connotations that unfairly frame words into limited or biased contexts |
| Main Idea | The chief topic of a passage expressed or implied in a word or phrase |
| Metaphor | A figure of speech in which a word or phrase meaning one kind of object or idea is used in place of another to suggest a similarity between them; comparing two things not using like or as |
| Mood | The emotional state of mind expressed by an author or artist in his/her work |
| Narrative Text | A story that is told or written |
| Onomatopoeia | Using words that sound like their meaning, such as purr, buzz, hiss |
| Overstatement | To state in too strong terms; exaggerate |
| Oxymoron | A phrase combining two contradictory terms |
| Paradox | An apparently contradictory statement that suggests a truth, as life is but a dream; a self-contradictory statement, as include me out |
| Paraphrase | A restatement of a text, passage, or work giving the meaning in another form |
| Personification | The representation of ideas, animals, or objects as human beings by endowing them with human qualities |
| Persuasive Text | Writing that seeks to convince the reader to adopt a particular opinion or perform a certain action |
| Plagiarism | The act of stealing and passing off the ideas or words of another as one’s own |
| Point of View | The standpoint from which the actions of a poem or story are related |
| Prefix | An affix attached to the front of a word that changes its meaning |
| Primary Source | Firsthand or direct evidence concerning a topic, an even, a person’s life, original works of literature, and historical facts |
| Problem Solution | A format for writing in which the author states a problem and a solution or solutions to solving the problem are offered; a text structure |
| Propaganda | Writing that directly advocates a certain doctrine as the solution to some political problem |
| Protagonist | The leading character in a work of fiction |
| Relevancy | Relation to the matter at hand; staying within a task or topic |
| Restatement | To state again in another way |
| Rising Action | The part of a literary work that begins with the exposition and sets the stage for climax |
| Root | The basic part of a word that usually carries the main component of meaning |
| Round Character | A complex character displaying inconsistencies and internal conflicts |
| Satire | A kind of literature that ridicules human folly or vice with the purpose of brining about reform or of keeping others from falling into similar folly or vice |
| Secondary Source | Published books or articles by an author who makes personal interpretation about a topic based on primary sources |
| Sequence | The order of events in particular occurrences |
| Simile | A figure of speech in which things different in kind or quality are compared by the use of the word like or as |
| Static Character | A character that does not undergo important change in the course of the story |
| Stereotype | An author’s method of treating a character so that the character is immediately identified with a group |
| Subplots | A subordinate plot in a play |
| Suffix | An affix attached to the end of a word |
| Summarize | To cover the main points succinctly |
| Supporting Details | Small pieces of information that one by one assist the reader in seeing the whole concept or picture |
| Symbolism | The use, in literature, of objects, characters, and situations that represent something beyond themselves |
| Technical Text | Nonfiction writing that describes how to do a task |
| Testimonial | Hopes to convince the audience to buy something by having a famous person to endorse a product or idea |
| Text Features | Graphic features of written material designed to assist the reader’s understanding of the text (italics, sub-titles, etc. ) |
| Theme | A central idea developed in a work of fiction |
| Thesis/Hypothesis | The statement that must be proved, supported and/or defended in the body of work |
| Third Person Limited Omniscient Point of View | A method of storytelling in which the narrator knows only the thoughts and feelings of a single character, while other characters are presented only externally |
| Third Person Omniscient Point of View | A method of storytelling in which the narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of all the characters in the story |
| Tone | The author’s implicit attitude toward the reader or the people/places/events in a work |
| Transfer of Ideas | Transferring good looks, feelings or ideas to the person who the propaganda is mean to influence |
Created by:
nashj
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