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Wit & Wisdom M1
Module 1 Vocabulary Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| abundant | Many; more than what is needed |
| analyze | To examine closely |
| banish | To force (someone) to leave a country as punishment; to send (someone or something) away; to cause (something) to go away |
| barren | Not fertile; lifeless |
| barricade | A temporary wall, fence, or similar structure that is built to prevent people from entering a place or area |
| beliefs | Strong opinions: ideas believed to be true |
| betrayed | Mislead; failed to fulfill (as in hopes, needs, or expectations) |
| bootlegger | Someone who makes or sells (alcoholic liquor) illegally |
| brave | A Native American warrior (out-of-date term) |
| breechcloths | Long rectangular pieces of tanned deerskin, cloth, or animal fur worn between the legs and tucked over a belt, so that the flaps fall in front and behind |
| brilliant | Very impressive or successful |
| butte | A type of hill with a flat top and steep sides that is found in the southwestern United States |
| camas root | A genus of plants in the asparagus family native to western North America |
| carbine | A short, light rifle |
| chieftain | The head of a group or tribe |
| clan | A large group of people who are related |
| click-clack | A succession of clicks or of alternating clicks and clacks; to make a click-clack sound (as in walking) |
| collaborate | To work together with others to accomplish something |
| commotion | Noisy excitement and confusion |
| compare | To examine two or more things for similarities |
| conflict | Argument or fight between two opposing sides |
| contempt | A feeling that someone or something is not worthy of any respect or approval; a lack of respect for or fear of something that is usually respected or feared |
| contrast | To examine two or more things for differences |
| cradleboard | Traditional protective baby carriers used by many indigenous cultures |
| crooned | Sang softly or sentimentally |
| cudgel | A short heavy club |
| cultural | Of or relating to culture |
| culture | The way a particular group of people lives and understands the world (including ideas, beliefs, and values; traditions; religion; language; rules; gender roles; food; clothing; art, music, dance, sports, and other ways of life) |
| cunning | Cleverness or skill especially at tricking people in order to get something |
| customs | Usual or accepted practices of a social group |
| defied | Refused to obey |
| deprived | Took away from; did not allow to have |
| descendant | Those related to a person or animal or group of people or animals who lived in the past |
| devour | To eat ferociously; to do something with great passion |
| disgrace | To cause (someone) to feel ashamed; to cause (someone or something) to lose or become unworthy of respect or approval |
| disputes | Arguments or debates |
| elaborate | To add details to something; to explain more fully |
| endangered | Animal or plant that has become very rare and that could die out completely |
| expansion | The act or process of becoming larger |
| flageolet | A usually pale green immature kidney bean used especially in French cuisine |
| flinch | To move suddenly because you are afraid of being hit or hurt; to show fear |
| furrows | Long and narrow cuts in the ground |
| grieved | Sadness or grief expressed when someone dies |
| guardian | Someone or something that watches or protects something |
| gully | A long, narrow cut or low area in the ground that water moves through when it rains |
| hailstorm | Weather phenomenon in which balls of ice, called hail, fall from the sky |
| heed | To pay attention to; to take notice of |
| hobbles | To slow the movement, progress, or action of (someone or something); to keep (an animal) from straying or wandering by tying two legs together |
| homeland | The country or place someone is originally from |
| idler | Someone who is lazy or does not work |
| impact | Effect on something; to make an impression on something or someone |
| inadequate | Less than what is needed; not enough |
| institutions | Established customs and activities in a society |
| intelligence | The ability to learn or understand things or to deal with new or difficult situations |
| invasion | An act or instance of disturbing or breaking into without being wanted |
| justice | The upholding of what is fair, decent, and right; fair treatment, fairness, equity |
| lame | Having an injured leg or foot that makes walking difficult or painful |
| liberty | Freedom to do or say what one thinks or feels |
| littered | Covered (a surface) with many things in an untidy way |
| locusts | A type of grasshopper that travels in very large groups and that can cause great destruction by eating crops |
| loom | A frame or machine that is used to weave threads or yarns to produce cloth |
| malaria | A serious disease that causes chills and fever and that is passed from one person to another by the bite of mosquitoes |
| misinterpretation | Wrong or incorrect understandings or explanations |
| misshapen | Badly shaped; having an ugly shape |
| mistook | Past tense of mistake |
| misunderstanding | Failures to comprehend or understand correctly |
| mood | In literature, the overall feeling or atmosphere of a passage or piece of literature |
| moon | A very long time |
| mourning | Acts or feelings that express great sadness |
| natural resources | Materials that come from nature and can be utilized by people (minerals, waterpower, etc.) |
| nonexistent | Not present or real |
| obey | To do what someone tells you to do or what a rule, law, , says you must do |
| oral tradition | Cultural history and ancestry passed down through generations by word of mouth, often through storytelling |
| parched | Very dry especially because of hot weather and no rain |
| personification | Giving human qualities to an inanimate object or being |
| plain words (idiom) | Ordinary words, words easy to understand |
| plateau | A flat area on top of a hill or mountain |
| portrait | An artistic representation of a person |
| poverty | Poor, not having enough property, money, or food |
| prairie | An open grassland |
| priest | A person who has the authority to lead or perform ceremonies in some religions and especially in some Christian religions |
| prosperity | Wealth and riches |
| prosperous | Wealthy; having more than enough property, money, or food |
| protest | To show or express strong disagreement with or disapproval of something |
| puzzled | Feeling or showing confusion because something is difficult to understand |
| quarrelsome | Ready or likely to argue or disagree |
| raid | A surprise attack on an enemy by soldiers or other military forces |
| ravine | A small, deep, narrow valley |
| rawhide | The skin of a cow before it has been prepared or made into leather |
| reinforce | To add extra support |
| replenish | To fill or build up (something) again |
| reservation | An area of land given to Native Americans by the US government as payment for taking the land of their original homes |
| revenge | The act of doing something to hurt someone because that person did something that hurt you |
| roach | haircut Often known as a Mohawk or Mohican hairstyle, after two tribes who frequently wore it |
| rovers | People who wander to different places |
| scalped | To remove the hair and skin from the head of (an enemy) as a sign of victory |
| scavengers | Searching for food to eat |
| scout | To explore (an area) to find information about it |
| semi- subterranean | Halfway or part way underground (part way up from the ground) |
| shameful | Very bad; bad enough to make someone ashamed |
| sharpshooters | Someone who is skilled at shooting a target with a gun |
| silver wire | Telegraph lines/wires |
| skulking | Moving or hiding in a secret way especially because you are planning to do something bad |
| speak (to you now) with two tongues (idiom) | Duplicitous, hypocritical, or deceitful, especially in speech; claiming one set of beliefs or intentions but acting according to another |
| stampede | An occurrence in which a large group of frightened or excited animals or people run together in a wild and uncontrolled way to escape from something or get out of a place |
| stern | Very serious, especially in an unfriendly way; expressing strong disapproval or criticism |
| subsistence | That which supports life or continued operation |
| suffer | To tolerate or endure |
| summit | The highest point of a mountain; a meeting or series of meetings between the leaders of two or more governments |
| sun | If someone or something has a day/moment/time, , in the sun, that person or thing is popular or gets a lot of attention during a period of time |
| superseded | Took over the place or position of; replaced |
| surrender | To give up; to give in to another’s power or demands |
| sustain | To support, nourish; to undergo for a period of time |
| sustenance | Food; something that supports or strengthens life |
| taunting | Saying insulting things to (someone) in order to make that person angry |
| tethered | Used a rope or chain to tie (an animal) to something in order to keep it in a particular area |
| thriving | Doing well or being successful |
| torrent | A large amount of water that moves very quickly in one direction; a large amount of something that is released suddenly |
| travois | A type of sled used by native peoples to carry goods, containing two poles joined by a frame and drawn by a horse or a dog |
| treaty | An agreement between two opposing sides; a document that explains the terms of the agreement; a formal agreement between two or more countries |
| trench | A deep, narrow hole in the ground that is used as protection for soldiers |
| truce | An ending of armed conflict by mutual agreement of warring parties |
| undermined | Gradually weakened and destroyed |
| valiantly | Having or showing courage; very brave or courageous |
| values | Ideas about what is important and how to live in a way that is good or right |
| war bonnet | Feathered headgear traditionally worn by male leaders of the American Plains Indians Nations who have earned a place of great respect in their tribe |
| warily | Not having or showing complete trust in someone or something that could be dangerous or cause trouble |
| warrior | Someone who fights like a soldier |
| wrenched | Jerked or pulled with force; caused suffering to |