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Chp. 5 Vocab.
Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen. | Photosynthesis |
| An organism that produces its own nutrients from inorganic substances of from the environment instead of comsuming other organisms. | Autotroph |
| An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their compounds from inoraginc materials. | Heterotroph |
| The process by which cells produce energy from acrbohydrates; atomspheric oxygen combines with glucose to form water and carbon dioxide. | Celluar Respiration |
| A substance that gives another substance or a mixture its color. | Pigment |
| A green pigment that is present in most plants cells, that gives plants thier characteristic green color, and that reacts with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to form carbohydrates. | Chlorophyll |
| A class of pigments that are present mostly in plants and that aid in photosynthesis. | Carotenoid |
| A membrane system found within cloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis. | Thylakoid |
| The synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide, such as in photosynthesis. | Carbon Fixation |
| A series of molecules, found in the inner membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts, through which eletrons pass in a process that causes protons to bulid up on one side of the membrane. | Eletron Transport Chain |
| An eletron carrier that provides the high-energy eletrons needed to make carbon-hydrogen bonds in the third stage of photosynthesis. | NADPH |
| A biochemical pathway of phtotsynthesis in which carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using ATP. | Calvin Cycle |
| Describes a process that requires oxygen. | Aerobic |
| Describes a process thta does not requires oxygen. | Anaerobic |
| The anaerobic breakdown of glucose pyruvic acid, which makes a small amount of energy available to cells in the form of ATP. | Glycolysis |
| As glucose is broken down, some of its hydrogen atons are transferred to an eletron acceptor called NAD*. | NADH |
| Eletrons are transferred to an eletron acceptor called FAD, making a molecule of FADH2. | FADH2 |
| The breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes, bacteria, yeasts, or mold in the absence of oxygen. | Fermentation |
| A series of biochemical reactions that convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water; it is the major pathway of oxidation in animal, bacterial, and plant cells, and it releases energy. | Krebs Cycle |
Created by:
ohawkins
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