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Bios 170 Chap 1
Vocab from chapter 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Monomer | a single unit, such as a nucleotide or amino acid, which is made into a long chain. |
| Polymer | a long chain of connected monomers which forms a macromolecule. |
| Condensation | the joining together of monomers by removing a water molecule. |
| Dehydration | the joining together of monomers by removing a water molecule. |
| Hydrolysis | the chemical reaction which separates a polymer into monomers by adding water. |
| Protein | a large polymer of amino acids joined by peptide bonds. |
| Polypeptide | a large polymer of amino acids joined by peptide bonds. |
| Peptide bond | a bond between two amino acids which connects the amino group of one to the carboxyl group of the other. |
| Amino acid | a monomer of a protein, consisting of a carbon joined to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom and a unique side-chain or R group. |
| Residue | another name for a single amino acid in a polypeptide chain. |
| Native conformation | the 3D shape a protein naturally folds into. |
| Alpha-helix | this coiled structure is part of the secondary structure of a protein. |
| Beta-pleated sheet | this flat or zig-zag structure is part of the secondary structure of a protein. |
| Disulfide bond | this type of covalent bond holds the side-chains of two cysteine residues together and contributes to tertiary structure of proteins. |
| Subunit | this refers to a single polypeptide chain in a protein that has more than one chain. |
| Denature | this means to remove the quaternary, tertiary and secondary structure from a protein. |
| Molecular chaperone | these proteins help other proteins fold into their native conformation. |
| Prion | this is a misfolded protein which causes other proteins to become misfolded. |
| Enzyme | this type of protein catalyzes biological reactions. |
| Energy of Activation (Ea) | this is the amount of energy reactants must absorb to start a reaction. |
| Transition state | this unstable state occurs when the reactants have enough energy to react. |
| Specificity | this refers to an enzyme’s ability to selectively bind only certain substrates. |
| Substrate | this is the term for the reactant molecule in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. |
| Active site | this part of an enzyme is where a substrate fits. |
| Induced fit | this refers to an enzyme changing its shape when its substrate enters its active site. |
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sw326108
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