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PHSC 210 Chapter 5
Flowing Water and Groundwater
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ________ is transported from one reservoir to another via the hydrologic cycle | Water |
| ___% of water is in oceans | 97.2 |
| ___% of Earth's water is fresh water. | 2.8 |
| ____% is glaciers | 2.15 |
| ___% is groundwater | 0.62 |
| ___% is all other water | 0.03 |
| How is flowing/water used by people? What is its importance/roles? | energy, transportation, hygiene, irrigation, food, recreation, politics, agriculture, drinking |
| Rivers are confined by ___________ to _________ _________ | topography, drainage basins |
| Drainage basins are separated by areas of higher elevation called ___________ _________. | Drainage divides |
| The movement of water particles in straight-line paths that are parallel to the channel. | Laminar flow |
| The movement of water in an erratic fashion, swirling, whirlpool-like eddies. | Turbulent flow |
| Velocity of rivers are measured at ___________ __________. | Gauging stations |
| Volume of water flowing through a stream over time. | Discharge |
| Precipitation & ice wedging will dislodge soil and rock. This is an example of: | Erosion |
| The max size of transported particles | Competence |
| The max total load of transported materials | Capacity |
| When stream flow decreases, load value decreases this is called: | Deposition |
| Material deposited by stream | Alluvium |
| Bedrock, Alluvial, and Meandering are all types of ___________ ____________. | Stream channels |
| Includes the stream channel and the floodplain. | Stream Valley |
| V-shaped, wide and flat | Morphology |
| Processes involved in stream channels include: | valley deepening, valley widening, and changes to base level |
| ____________ occurs as stream velocity decreases. | Deposition |
| Depositional landforms include: | Bars, Deltas & distributaries, Natural levees, Alluvial fans |
| _________ are the most numerous and destructive natural hazards. | Floods |
| _________ occur when more water enters the system than the drainage basin's capacity | Floods |
| Engineering approaches to preventing floods (3): | Artificial levees, Flood-control dams, Channelization |
| Non-Engineering approaches to preventing floods (2): | Zoning, Relocation |
| Precipitated water seeps through soil and rock to form groundwater | Infiltration |
| Factors affecting groundwater volume & flow (4): | Porosity, Permeability, Aquifer, Aquitard |
| The volume of open space in the rock | Porosity |
| The interconnections of pores | Permeability |
| Groundwater source rock (high porosity & permeability) | Aquifer |
| Prevents groundwater (impermeable layer) | Aquitard |
| A hole bored through the ground that reaches the saturated zone. | Well |
| Possible problems with Groundwater use (3): | Overuse, Subsidence, Contamination |
| Extraction rates exceed replenishments & water table lowers | Overuse |
| Sinking of land by the settling of loose material as water is removed | Subsidence |
| Introduction of toxic chemicals into groundwater | Contamination ex: chemical waste, fertilizers, sewage |
| Can be dissolved by weakly acidic fluids | Limestone |
| The icicle-like structure that hangs from the ceiling of a cavern. | Stalactite |
| The columnlike form that grows upward from the floor of a cavern. | Stalagmite |
| Karst Features (4): | sinkholes, springs, disappearing streams, solution valleys |
Created by:
christinathomas50
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