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Unit 5 Vocabulary 9

PreAP 9th Grade, Chapter 20

WordDefenition
Cell Cycle the life of a cell; in eukaryotes, it consists of a cell- growth period in which mitosis takes place
Interphase Part of the cell cycle which consists of the periods between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows,copies its DNA, and synthesizes protein
Mitosis In eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes
Centromere The region of the chromosomes that holds the two sister chromatids together during mitosis
Cytokinesis The division of the cytoplasm of a cell; cytokinesis follows the division of the cell's nucleus by mitosis or meiosis
Centrioles Cell structure found in animal cells that help initiate the development of the spindle for mitosis
Spindle A network of microtubules which appears during mitosis; it helps guide the chromotids to the ends of the cell
Chromosome In a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA and chromosomes that is not a sex chromosomes
Haploid Describes a cell, nucleus, or organism that had only one set of unpaired chromosomes
Diploid A cell that contains two haploids sets of chromosomes
Gamete A haploid reproductive sex cell( contains 1/2 set or n number of chromosomes)
Gene A segment of DNA that is located in a chromosome and that codes for a specific hereditary trait
Cancer A tumor in which the cells begin dividing at an uncontrolled rate and become invasive
Meiosis A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells
Sexual Reproduction Reproduction in which gametes from two parents unite
Homologous Chromosomes Chromosomes that have the sane sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis
Crossing Over The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis; can result in genetic recombination
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