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Chapter 1 and 14
Campbell Essential Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| biology | scientific study of life |
| cellular organization | all living things are organized and made up of cells... metabolism, homeostasis, reproduction, heredity, movement, stimuli and complexity |
| cell theory | every living thing is made of cells |
| unicellular | made of one cell |
| multicelluar | made of more than one cell |
| metabolism | all the chemical reactions that are going on inside the body |
| homeostasis | perfect balance |
| types of reproduction | asexual and sexual |
| asexual | indivdial reproducing on its own... divides in half and both are identical |
| sexual | BEN <3 YOU RACHEL two parents both contribute half the genetic infromation, offspring is not identical to either parent |
| heredity | transmission of characteristics from parent to child, stored in the dna |
| movement | happens at least once in its lifespan, movement is needed to be concidered alive |
| stimuli | responce to changes inside and outside of the body |
| complexity | all living things are complex |
| evolution | gradual change in a populations characteritics over time |
| natural selection | decent with modification, common ancestor, each adapted to a way of life, driving force of life process by which the individual most adapted to their enviroment are most likly to produce heathly offspring who in turn reproduce |
| taxonomy | science of classifiying living things into groups |
| list the 7 taxonomy classifications | kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species King Philip Came Over For Great Spaghetti |
| kingdom (5) | monera, fungi, protista, plantae, animalia |
| monera | blue green alge and bacteria |
| fungi | fungus and mushrooms |
| protista | one celled plants, fungi, and animals |
| plantae | multicelluar plants |
| animalia | multicelluar animals |
| binimial nomenclature | a system of two names, genus-species (genus is captialized, species lower case) |
| scientific method | the method of proving or disproving a hypthesis made off of observations |
| theory | after many retest, if they all result in the same answer, it is a fact science has not disproved |
| atom | one unit of a certain type of element |
| molecule | always have a certain ratio of one type of atom to another |
| chemical formula | short hand of molecule make up |
| glucose | C6 H12 06 |
| non polar | compounds that do not have charged ends ex. fats and oils |
| hydroprobic | does not desolve in water(non polar) ex. fats and oils |
| polar | has a negative end and postive end ( - oxygen, + hydrogen) ex. water |
| hydrophilic | water loving |
| properties of water | polar, cohesion, adhesion, high specific heat |
| cohesion | water is attracted to water |
| adheasion | water sticks to other polar compounds |
| high specific heat | water has to gain or lose alot of energy before it changes tempature |
| acid H+ | something that when it breakes up it gives up a hydrogen ion (dissoiates) Hydrogen ion H+ |
| base OH- | something when it is dossoiates it releases hydroxide ions Hydroxide ion OH- |
| pH scale | 1-14 - 1 most acidic and 14 most basic, 7 is neutral |
| pH | each pH is a factor of 10 becasue its logritmic, multiply by ten as you compare |
| Macromolecules | large molecules made up of repeating units called monomers and polymers. ex-carbohydrates, lipids, protiens, and nucleic acids |
| Monomers | small molecules base unit |
| polymers | three or more momomers |
| Carbohydrates | simple surgars contain a lot of carbon |
| monosaccharides | made of one simple sugar, glucose c6h12o6 |
| Disaccharide | made of two monosaccharides together |
| polysaccharides | made of three or more monosaccahrides ex-starch,glycogen, cellulose, chitin |
| Lipids | oils and fats made of glycerol and fatty acids |
| glycerol | they are made of heavy and hydrophyllic |
| fatty acids | are light and hydrophobic |
| monoglyceride | one fatty acid tail, but not a true fat |
| diglyceride | two fatty acid tails, not a true fat. |
| triglyceride | three fatty acid tails, true fat.. DO NOT EAT |
| Rachel | a wonderful person |
| saturated fatty acids | C-C-C-C-C hard fats, all carbons have a single bond |
| unsaturated fatty acid | C-C=C-C-C oily at least one double bond between the carbon |
| polyunsaturated fatty acids | three or more double or tripple bonds |
| Proteins | structual, storage, contractile, transport, and enzymes muscle growth and maitnence |
| Enzymes | make reactions go faster |
| Hormones | chemical messengers from one part of the body to another |
| Amino acids | building blocks of proteins 20 in our bodies |
| Essential amino acids | body can not make them, must get them from through eating food |
| Dipeptide | two amino acids |
| polypetide | three or more amino acids |
| Denatured | breaking down structures through heating up or acid, kills proteins |
| Nucleic acids | two types- dna rna |
| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | found in the nucleus of the cell double stranded-- made of nucleotides |
| RNA (ribonucleic acid) | single stranded made of nucleotides, found in and out of nucleus |
| Nucleotides | nucleic acids, polymoers made of momomers |
Created by:
acrabtre
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