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comzoo2
concepts
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| phylogenesis | produces different taxa |
| evolution | change |
| organic phenomena | all biological phenomena are the products of a process |
| symplesiomorphy | absence |
| synapomorphy | presence |
| transverse plane | a horizontal cut perpendicular to the sagittal plane |
| coronal plane | aka frontal plane |
| median sagittal plane | central axis |
| breathing organs like gills and lungs | respiratory system |
| excretory organ | anus |
| symmetry | mirror image |
| segmented | serial repetition (of unit subdivisions of ectoderm and mesoderm products) of body parts along the longitudinal axis |
| metamerism in vertebrates and cephalochordates | internal organs |
| two axes that determines a plane | dorsoventral and median sagittal plane |
| ventral | anterior |
| dorsal | posterior |
| towards the head | craniad |
| towards the tail | caudad |
| morphology | uses comparison as a tool to describe relationships between structures etc. |
| distal | far from the surface |
| intrinsic | lying within a given part |
| extrinsic | originating outside the anatomical limits of a part |
| structural plan | the conformomity to a design in the topographic (spatial) relationship of the parts of an organism to the body as a whole |
| morphotype | is the norm, " an abstraction of the actual form variety within a group of organisms of the same structural plan" |
| analogy | is part of an organ of an animal which has the same function as another part or organ in a different animal". |
| homology | is the same organ in different animals under every variety of form and function. |
| Kalin's | Homology exists, if parts of the different organisms corresponds to each other within the common structural plan and morphotype of a given systematic category. |
| DeBeer | said the evolution is due to some modifications in ontogeny |
| phylogenesis | is the origin of groups of species from a stem species and its descendants by progressive splitting. |
| shared derived characters | synapomorphy |
| paraphyletic | Dinosauria, including the modern birds, |
| convergence | group of ``warm-blooded animals'', which consists of Mammalia and Aves |
| Rule of Deviation | by the s_l___ng of a species into daughter species one of the species remains on the whole unchanged, while the other species clearly d____tes from the ancestor" |
| HENNIGIAN CONCEPTS OF SIMLARITIES | symplesiomorphy, synapomorphy and convergence |
| ontogenetic | origin and development of individual organisms |
| phylogenetic | based on evolutionary development or history |
| metamere | somite |
| Hennig's rule | Rule of Deviation |
| shared primitive characteristics | paraphyletic |
| Heterochrony Principle | Ontogeny of a being is a repetition of the stages of its ancestry. |
| they manifest through the premature or very slow action of the reproductive cells(_____) and can produce phylogenetic differences | evolutionary heterochrony |
| phylogenetic | based on evolutionary development or history |
| ontogenetic | origin and development of individual organisms |
| Reproductive system | Gonads and their ducts |
| anatomy | to cut up |
| Zangerl | all morphological concepts expressed observed relations. |
| It represents the basic, mutual arrangement among the parts of the compared organism. | structural plan |
Created by:
ezzie124
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