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Chap. 32 An Overview
Campbell Biology Chapter 32: An Overview of Animal Diversity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Protostome | Development begins with spiral, determinate cleavage. Ventral (bottom) nervous system of paired or fused longitudinal nerve chords. The mouth develops from the blastopore |
| Deuterostome | Development begins with radial, indeterminate cleavage. Dorsal (top) or central nervous system. The mouth is derived from the secondary opening, and the blastopore forms the anus. |
| Bilateral symmetry | Body symmetry in which a central longitudinal plane divides the body into two equal but opposite halves. (shovel) |
| Radial symmetry | Symmetry in which the body is shaped like a pie or barrel (lacking a left side and a right side) and can be divided into mirror-imaged halves by any plane through its central axis. (flowerpot) |
| Cephalization | An evolutionary trend toward the concentration of sensory equipment at the anterior (front) end of the body. (including a central nervous system “brain”) |
| Ectoderm | The outermost layer of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and, in some phyla, the nervous system, inner ear, and lens of the eye. |
| Endoderm | The innermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; lines the archenteron and gives rise to the liver, pancreas, lungs, and the lining of the digestive tract in species that have these structures. |
| Mesoderm | The middle primary germ layer in a triploblastic animal embryo; develops into the notochord, the lining of the coelem, muscles, skeleton, gonads, kidneys, and most of the circulatory system in species that have these structures. |
| Triploblastic | Possessing three germ layers: the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Most eumatazoans are triploblastic. |
| Coelomate | An animal that possesses a true coelem ( a body cavity lined by tissue completely derived from mesoderm). |
| Pseudocoelomate | An animal whose body cavity is lined by tissue derived from mesoderm and endoderm. |
| Determinate cleavage | A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early. |
| Indeterminate cleavage | A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes in which each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo. |
| Ecdysozoan | Member of a group of animal phyla identified as a clade by molecular evidence. Many ecdysozoans are molting animals. |
| tapeworms | parasitic flatworm |
| parasitic mostly vertebrate hosts | tapeworms |
| lack GVC absorb all nutrients from host | tapeworms |
| anterior end = | scolex with suckers and hooks |
| psterior to scolex = | proglottids |
| proglottids | sac of sex organs |
| not segmented | tapeworms |
| proglottids do not have true_____ | segmentation |
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