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ZOO161 Chapter 10
Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Excretion | is the removal of metabolic wastes from the body. |
| Kidneys | are paired organs located near the small of the back, on either side of the vertebral column. |
| Renal artery | transports blood to be filtered to the kidneys |
| Renal Vein | carries filtered blood away from the kidneys |
| Ureters | conduct urine from the kidneys to the bladder small muscular tubes Wall has three layers: inner mucosa, smooth muscle layer and outer fibrous layer |
| Urinary bladder | sotres urine until it is expelled from the body. Has three openings: two for the ureters and one for the urethra which drains the bladder. |
| Urethra | a small tube that extends from the urinary bladder to an external opening its function is to remove urine form the body |
| Urea | is a byproduct of amino acid metabolism. |
| Creatinine | the metabolic breakdown of creatine phosphate |
| Uric acid | produced from the break down of nucleotides insoluble |
| Maintaining water salt balance | a principal function of the kidneys the more slats there are in the blood the greater the blood volume and blood pressure in this way the kidneys are involved in regulating blood pressure |
| Maintaining Acid-Base balance | the kidneys regulate the acid base balance of the blood the kidneys monitor and regulate the pH mainly by excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing the bicarbonate ions as needed |
| Secretion of hormones | the kidneys assist the endocrine system in hormone secretion release renin as an enzyme that leads to aldosterone secretion |
| Aldosterone | a hormone produced by the adrenal glands which lie atop the kidneys Decreases sodium and increases potassium excretion; increases blood volume and pressure |
| Erythropoietin (EPO) | is a hormone secreted by the kidneys that speeds up red blood cell formation |
| 5 functions of the Kidneys | 1. Excretion of Metabolic wastes 2. Maintaining water salt balance 3. Maintaining Acid Base balance 4. Secretion of Hormones 5. Reabsorb filtered nutrients and convert vitamin D. |
| Renal cortex | an outer granulated layer of the kidney that dips down in between a radically striated inner layer |
| Renal Medulla | Middle layer of the kidney consists of cone shaped tissue masses called renal pyramids |
| Renal Pelvis | central space, or cavity, continuous with the ureter Last layer of the kidney |
| Nephrons | Microscopic part of the kidneys filter the blood and produce urine |
| Glomerulus | cluster of capillaries surrounded by the glomerular capsule in a nephron where glomerular filtration takes place |
| Peritubular capillary network | capillary network that surrounds a nephron and functions in reabsorption during urine formation |
| Glomerular capsule | double walled cup that surrounds the glomerulus at the beginning of the nephron |
| Proximal convoluted tubule | highly coiled region of a nephron near the glomerular capsule, where tubular reabsorption takes place |
| distal convoluted tubule | final portion of a nephron that joins with a collecting duct, associated with tubular secretion |
| Collecting ducts | duct within the kidney that received fluid form several nephrons; the reabsorption of water occurs here |
| Glomerular filtration | Occurs when whole blood enters the glomerulus by way of the afferent arteriole Water,salts, nutrient molecules and waste molecules move form the glomerulus to the inside of the glomerular capsule. these small molecules are called the glomerular filtrate |
| Tubular reabsorption | nutrient and salt molecules are actively reabsorbed from the convoluted tubules into the peritubular capillary network and water flows passively |
| Tubular secretion | Certain molecules are actively secreted from the peritubular capillary network into the convoluted tubules |
| Aquaporins | protein membrane channel through which water can diffuse |
| Aldosterone | a hormone secreted by the adernal glands, which sit atop the kidneys. this hormone promotes ion exchange at the distal convoluted |
| Juxtaglomerular apparatus | is the region of contact between the afferent arteriole and the disal convoluted tubule |
| renin | is an enzyme that ultimately leads to secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal glands |
| Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | produced by the hypothalamus and secreted by the posterior pituitary according to the osmolarity of the blood. |
| Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANH) | is a hormone secreted by the atria of the heart when a cardiac cells are stretched due to increased blood volume. |
| Diuretics | are chemicals that increase the flow of urine |
| buffer | ia a chemical or a combination of chemicals that can take up excess hydrogen ions or excess hydroxide ions |
| Homeostasis | Maintenance of normal internal conditions in a cell or an organism by means of self regulating mechanisms |
Created by:
allenoa
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