Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Bio Psych ch 9,11,5
| ch.9 Sleep | Naturally reoccuring behavior, characterized by reduced or absent consciousness. |
| ch.9 Typical Measures of Sleep | Left eye movemements Righy eye movements EMG(muscle tension) EEG(brain waves) |
| ch.9 Measurement of Hertz | (cycles/second) |
| ch.9 Patterns of activity while sleep | Beta waves (B for Bed) |
| ch.9 Patterns of activity while awake | Alpha Waves(A for Awake) |
| ch. 9Brain waves associated with each stage of sleep | Awake- Alpha Waves Stage 1 and 2- Theta Waves Stage 3 and 4 - Delta Waves REM Sleep |
| CH. 9Physiological Characteristics of REM sleep | Rapid Eye Movement |
| Ch.9Disorders of Sleep | Narcolepsy Sleep Attacks Sleep Apnea Cataplexy Sleep Paralysis Hypnagogic Hallucinations Orexin Neurons |
| Ch.9 Sleep Disorders more commonly observed in Children | Nocturnal Enuresis Somnambulism Pavor Nocturns Sleep Talking |
| CH. 11 Hebb Rule | If synapse repeatedly becomes active at about the same time that the postsynaptic neuron fires, changes will take place in the structure of chemistry of the synapse that will strengthen it.(Cells that fire together wire together) EX. IS LTP |
| ch.11 LTP(Long Term Potentiation) | Increase in excitability of neuron to a particular synaptic input caused by repeated high frequency activity of that input.( LTP REQUIRES ACTIVATION OF SYNAPSE AND DEPOLARIZATION OF POST SYNAPTIC NEURON) |
| ch.11 Glutamate Receptor Subtypes involved in LTP | NMDA RECEPTORS AMPA RECEPTORS |
| ch.11 NMDA Receptors | Specialized ionotropic glutamate, controls calcium channels that is normally blocked by Magnesium. |
| ch.11 AMPA Receptors | ionotropic glutamate receptors that controls sodium channel, when open it produces (EPSP), depolarized may include action potential. |
| ch.11 3 types of Long Term Memory Subtypes | Implicit Emotional Explicit |
| ch.11 Implicit | |
| ch.11 Explicit | |
| ch.11 Emotional | |
| ch.11 Retrograde Amnesia | Cannot remember events prior to brain damage. |
| ch.11 Anterograde Amnesia | Cannot remember event after brain damage. |
| ch.11 Korsakoff's Syndrome | Permanent anterograde amnesia caused by alcoholism. |
| ch.9 Biological Clocks | Sleep is also controlled by the time of day, biological clocks are a way of regulating. |
| ch.9 circadian rhythms | Works on a 24 hour schedule. |
| ch.9 Biological Clocks | Appear to be endogenous, which means internally generated.(inside yourself) |
| ch.9 Free Running Rhythms | Rhythm circadian, exhibit without external ques, your internal generation. |
| ch.9(Zeitgeber) | (Think of as light saber) is light, an external stimulus, that resets biological clocks and helps keep circadian rhythms going |
| Ch.9 Why do we sleep? | Essential for survival enhance cognitive performance reduction of free radicals fatal familial insomnia |
| ch. 9 Slow Wave Sleep vs. REM Sleep | Facilitate Learning Promote brain development Facilitate Learning |
| Ch.5 Generalization | General or broad conclusion based on many observations. |
| Ch.5 Reduction | Explaining terms of elementary processes. |
| Ch.5 Non-invasive Techniques | Neuropsychological Testing Behavioral Analysis Structure of the Living Human Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) Trans-cranial Magnetic Stimulation |
| Ch.5 Invasive Methods | Stereotaxic Surgery Experimental Ablation Surgical Techniques Recording and Stimulating Neural Activity Auto-radiography Fos Microdialysis Stimulating Neural Activity:electrical and chemical Stimulating Neural Activity: photo-stimulation |
| Ch.5 Genetic Methods: Knockouts | Used on animals, particular area you don't want them to express/use you (knockout) (get rid of a certain gene) |
| Ch.5 Histological Method: Perfusion | Can't have blood in the tissue when viewing, so have to clear it out using this technique. |
| Ch.5 Histological Method: Microtome/Cryostat | Used to slice the tissue Will freeze the brain(-20) |
| Ch.5 Histological Method: Fixatives | Stabilizes and prepares tissue. |
| Ch.5 Histological Method: Staining Cell Bodies | Stains cell bodies so can see which cells/neurons are intact Stains glial cells, axons, nucleus etc. Downside to cell staining, is it stains all cell bodies and have a lot going on. |
| Ch.5 Histological Methods: Immunocytochemical Method | Uses radioactive antibodies to indicate the presence of the particular proteins allows you to be more specific because you can target what you care about.(Can use for almost anything) |
| Ch.5 Histological Methods: Light Microscope | Uses visible light and magnifying lenses. Are limited by the visible light waves that we see. |
| Ch.5 Histological Methods: Electron Microscope | More powerful, doesn't use light but electrons, thin beam of electrons to interact with atoms in the sample Downside- no color Perks- 3D Images |
| Ch.5 Histological Methods: Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy | Uses light and laser beams and series of scanning mirrors and beam splitters to give a better focus. Perk- can use fluorescent light. |
| Ch.5 Afferent Concept | Looking at what goes in. |
| Ch.5 Efferent | Looking at what goes out. |
| Ch.5 Neuropsychological Testing | Different kinds of tests that consists of learning, memory and spatial orientation. Can be done on animals. |
| Ch.5 Behavioral Analyses | Study done by Whishaw. |
| Ch.5 Structural of the Living Human Brain | Can do CT scans CT Scans- x-rays to look at the brain 3D View |
| Ch.5 Magnetic Resonance Imaging | x-rays that use magnetic fields 3D Image Form of an MRI is the DTI |
| Ch.5 Trans-cranial Magnetic Stimulation | Will interfere with that brain area and then see how the other parts of the brain function. |
| Ch.5 Stereotaxic Surgery | Used in all species Has 3 sets of scales |
| Ch.5 Bregma | Where skull fuses together, point of reference on the skull of the rat that we use reference. |
| Ch.5 Experimental Ablation | Removing or destroying part of the tissue. First technique used in rodents. |
| Ch.5 Recording and Stimulating Neural Activity | Improves good actions of animals. Use garden hose to stimulate are you want to improve keep in place with acrylic, can ultimately see what it does. |
| Ch.5 Autoradiography | Can be used in living people and animals |
| Ch.5 Microdialysis | Measures neurotransmitters in that brain region. |
| Ch.5 Stimulating Neural Activity: Electrical and Chemical | Guide Cannula- infuse drugs into the brain |
| Ch.5 Stimulating Neural Activity: photostimulation | Genetically modified thing you have to do. Can turn on and off multiple times, allows much more greater resolution ability to use light to stimulate or turn off certain proteins in performing animals.(Newer Techniques) |
| Ch.5 Concordance | Traits that are similar in twins |
| Ch.5 Discordant | Traits that are not similar in twins. |
| Ch.5 Tag Hypothesis | Tried to explain how LTP occured Must be something in the synapse that tells cells to fire and something |
| LTP is because of | 1. Retrograde tells pre-synaptic to release glutamate 2. Make more AMPA 3. Make AMPA more sensitive |
| Weschler Testing | memory game, identify a picture that they saw most recently. |
| Invasive Techniques | Go into the body(injected) |
| Non-invasive Techniques | Don't have to go into the body |
| Classical Conditioning | 3 types of Learnin Implicit Explicit Emotional |
| Bregma | is a reference for surgery |
| Forms of explicit memory | Episodic Semantic |
| Stereotaxic Method | Keeps head level so can see bregma keeps level playing field. |
| Fixatives | Prepare the body |
| Perfusion | Clears the body. |
| Brain region involved in Biological Clock | SCN(Superchiasmatic nucleus |
| Structural Changes of neurons due to LTP | 1.More synapses 2. Get more dendrites(spines) |
| two types of priming | Conceptual priming Perceptual priming |
| LTD | Opposite of LTP learn less fewer AMPA and NMDA receptors |
| Priming | a form of implicit memory |
Created by:
astoakley
Popular Biology sets