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Biology
Investigating cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a cell? | The basic unit of living things |
| What is a stain? | Used to show up more detail in a cell |
| What 2 basic types of cell are their? | Animal and plant cells |
| What does an animal cell contain? | cell membrane,nucleas and cytoplasm |
| What does a plant cell contain? | chloroplasts, cytoplasm, vacuole, cell membrane, cell wall and nucleas |
| What is the function of the nucleas? | controls all the activities in the cell |
| What is the function of cytoplasm? | where all the chemical reactions take place |
| What is the function of the cell membrane? | controls entry and exit of materials into and and out of the cell (eg co2 and o2) |
| What is the function of the vacuole? | bag full of sap, supports cell when full |
| What is the function of the cell wall | made of cellulose, provides protetion and support |
| What is diffusion? | The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| Why is diffusion important? | It is important because it allows "essential substances" to pass through the cell membrane and waste materials to pass out |
| Whaat is Osmosis? | Special type of diffusion involving water molecules |
| What happens when a plant cell is placed in pure water? | it becomes turgid (swollen). Water has moved from HWC inside the cell to LWC outside the cell |
| What is a plasmolysed cell? | Plant cell placed in concentrated solution and has shrunk. Water moves from HWC inside to LWC outside |
| How does a cell become crenated? | Animal cell placed in a concetrated solution Water moves from HWC inside to HWC outside |
| What happens when an animal cell is placed in pure water? | Cell becomes Lysis (bursts) because animal cells dont have cell walls water moves form HWC outside to LWC inside |
| What is Mitosis? | process where cells divide to produce identical ones |
| Name the 5 stages of mitosis: | Interphase (Resting) Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and telophase |
| What is the function of an enzyme? | speeds up the rate of reaction but remains unchanged |
| What are enzymes made of? | protein |
| What is a synthesising enzyme? | build up reactions (phosphorylase - builds up starch from glucose) |
| What is a degrading enzyme? | breakdown reactions (amylase breaks down starch into maltose and then glucose) |
| What is a substrate? | Substance an enzyme works upon |
| What is a product? | thing made at the end of a reaction |
| What is the active site? | the area on an enzyme in which the substrate fits |
| what does the term "specific" mean? | an enzyme only works on ONE subtrate, this is because of the shape of the enzyme's active site and the shape of the substrate |
| Why is energy needed? | energy is needed by cells to build up or break down substances |
| How is food turned into energy? | food is broken down in cells to release energy the cell needs |
| What is the equation for energy? | food + oxygen -> energy + co2 + water |
| What is respiration? | the process that occurrs in every living cell to release energy from food |
| what is aerobic respiration? | uses oxygen to release energy from food |
| How do you calculate rates of respiration? | caluclated by a respirometer (measures the amount of oxygen uptake per minute) |
| What are the two types of cell metabolism? | catabolic (break down) and anabolic (build up) |
Created by:
clairegartland
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