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plant science
vocab words
| Plant Science Vocab. | Answer |
|---|---|
| Macro-nutrient | one or all of the primary nutrients (nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium)- or the secondary nutrients magnesium and calcium |
| Nanometer | 000 000 001 meter, nm is used as a scale to measure electromagnetic wave lengths of light; Color and light spectrums are expressed in nm's. |
| Neck | tubular glass end of the HID bulb, attached to the threads. |
| Ohm's Power Law | A law that expresses the strength of an electric current; Volts times Amperes equals watts. |
| Overload | A load to excess; A 20-amp circuit drawing 17 amps is overloaded. |
| Phosphor coating | Internal bulb coating that diffuses light and is responsible for various color outputs. |
| Photoperiod | the relationship between the length of light and dark in a 24 hour period |
| Photosynthesis | the building of chemical compounds (carbohydrates) from light energy,water and CO2. |
| Pigment | The substance in paint or anything that absorbs light, producing (reflecting) the same color as the pigment. |
| Power surge | Interruption of change in flow of electricity. |
| Primary Nutrients | Nitrogen - Phosphorus - Potassium (N-P-K) |
| Prune | Alter the shape and growth pattern of a plant by cutting stems and shoots. |
| PVC pipe | Plastic (polyvinyl chloride) pipe that is easy to work with; readily available and used to make most of the gardens on this site. |
| Pyrethnim | Natural insecticide made from the blossoms of various chrysthanthemums; Raid's Pyrethrum is the most effective natural spider mite exterminator. |
| Rejuvenate | Restore youth; A mature plant, having completed it's life cycle (flowering), may be stimulated by a new 18 hour photoperiod, to rejuvenate or produce new vegetative growth. |
| Salt | crystalline compound that results from improper pH or toxic buildup of fertilizer. Salt will burn plants, preventing them from absorbing nutrients. |
| Secondary nutrients | Calcium - (Ca), and magnesium-Mg. |
| Short Circuit | condition that results when wires cross and forms a circuit. A short circuit will blow fuses. |
| Socket | threaded, wired holder for a bulb. |
| Soluble | able to be dissolved in water. |
| Square feet (sq.ft.) | length (in feet) times width equals square feet. |
| Staminate | male, pollen producing |
| Starch | complex carbohydrate; Starch is manufactured and stored food. |
| Stroboscopic Effect | a quick pulsating or flashing of a lamp. |
| Stress | a physical or chemical factor that causes extra exertion by plants;A stressed plant will not grow as well as a non-stressed plant. |
| Sugar | food product of a plant |
| Super-bloom | a common name for fertilizer high in phosphorus that promotes flower formation and growth. |
| Tap root | the main or primary root that grows from seed; Lateral roots will branch off the tap root. |
| Teflon tape | tape that is extremely useful to help seal all kinds of pipe joints. I like Teflon tape better than putty. |
| tepid | warm 70-80 degrees F (21-to 270C ). Always use tepid water around plants to facilitate chemical processes and case shock. |
| Tonic life | the amount of time a pesticide or fungicide remains active or live. |
| transformer | a device in the ballast that transforms electric current from one voltage to another. |
| trellis | frame of small boards or PVC (lattice) that trains or supports plants. |
| true breed | see inbred. |
| Tungsten | a heavy, hard metal with a high melting point which conducts electricity well; Tungsten is used for filament in tungsten halogen lamps |
| Ultraviolet | light with very short wave lengths, out of the visible spectrum |
| vent | opening such as a window or door that allows the circulation of fresh air. |
| vertical | up and down; perpendicular to the horizontal |
| alternating current (AC) | an electric current that reverses its direction at regularly occurring intervals. Homes have A.C. |
| Adobe | heavy clay soil, not suitable for container gardening or hydroponics |
| Aeration | supplying growing mediums and roots with air or oxygen |
| Aeroponic | growing plants by misting roots suspended in air. No medium is needed with this method and usually only small plants that need no support are grown this way. |
| aggregate | medium that usually is made up of rocks, gravel or lava rocks that are all nearly the same size, and used for an inert hydroponic medium. |
| alkaline | refers to soil or hydroponic nutrient solution with a high pH; Any pH over 7 is considered alkaline. |
| all-purpose (general purpose) fertilizer | A balanced blend of N-P-K; all purpose fertilizer for soil and is used by most growers in the vegetative growth stage. Miracle-Gro and Peters is an example. They are not recommended for hydroponics. |
| ampere(amp) | the unit used to measure the strength of an electric curent; A 29-amp circuit is overloaded when drawing more than 17 amps. |
| annual | a plant that normally completes its entire life cycle in one year or less; Marigolds and tomatoes are examples of annual plants. |
| arc | luminous discharge of electricity (light) between two electrodes. |
| arc tube | container for luminous gases; also houses the arc. |
| auxin | classification of plant hormones; auxins are responsible for foliage and root elongation. |
| bacteria | very small, one-celled organisms that have no chlorophyll. |
| beneficial insect | a good insect that eats bad insects that attack your plants. |
| biodegradable | able to decompose or break down through natural bacterial action; substances made of organic matter are biodegradable. |
| bleach | ordinary laundry bleach is used in a 1 part bleach to 10 parts water solution as a garden fungicide. Use this solution to clean all your equipment between harvests to rid of any lingering contamination. |
| bolt | term used to describe a plant that has run to seed prematurely which means that it bloomed because of heat or other reasons. |
| breaker box | electrical circuit box having on/off switches rather than fuses. |
| breathe | roots draw in and breathe oxygen, stomata draw in and breathe CO2. |
| bud blight | a withering condition that attacks flower buds. |
| bulb | 1. the outer glass envelope or jacket that protects the arc tube of an HID lamp. 2. Clove of bulb of garlic. |
| calyx | the pod harboring female ovule and two protruding pistils, seed pod. |
| carbon dioxide (CO) | a colorless,odorless tasteless gas in the air necessary for plant life. |
| carbohydrate | neutral compound of carbon,hydrogen and oxygen; sugar,starch and cellulose are carbohydrates. |
| caustic | capable of destroying,killing or eating away by chemical activity. |
| cell | the base structural unit that plants are made of: cells contain a nucleus,membrane, and chloroplasts. |
| cellulose | a complex carbohydrate that stiffens a plant: Tough stems contain stiff cellulose. |
| CFM | cubic feet per minute. the measure of flow of fluid through hydroponics. |
| chelate | combining nutrients in an atomic ring that is easy for plants to absorb. |
| chlorophyll | the green photosynthetic matter of plants; Chlorophyll is found in the chloroplasts of a cell. |
| chlorine | chemical used to purify water. |
| chloroplast | containing chlorophyll |
| chlorosis | the condition of a sick plant with yellowing leaves due to inadequate formation of chlorophyll; chlorosis is caused by a nutrient deficiency, usually iron or imbalanced pH. |
| circuit | a circular route traveled by electricity. |
| climate | the average condition of the weather in a grow room or outdoors. |
| color spectrum | the band of colors ( measured in nm) emitted by a light source. |
| color tracer | a coloring agent tht is added to many commercial fertilizers so the horticulturist knows there is fertilizer in the solution. Peters has a blue color tracer. |
| compaction | soil condition tht results from lightly packed soil; compacted soil allows for only marginal aeration and root penetration. |
| companion planting | planting garlic,marigolds,etc. along with other plants to discourage insect infestations. |
| compost | a mixture of decayed organic matter,high in nutrients. compost must be at least one year old. When too young, decomposition uses nitrogen; after sufficient decomposition,compost releases nitrogen. |
| core | the transformer in the ballast is referred to as a core. |
| cotyledon | seed leaves; first leaves that appear on a plant. |
| cross-pollinate | pollinate two plants having different ancestry. |
| cubic foot | volume measurement in feet; Width times length times height equals cubic feet. |
| cutting | 1.growing tip cut from a parent plant for asexual propagation 2. clone |
| damping off | fungus disease that attacks young seedlings and cuttings causing them to rot at the base; Over-watering is the main cause of damping-off. |
| direct current (DC) | an electric current that flows in only one direction. |
| deplete | exhaust soil of nutrients, making it infertile; once a soil is used it is depleted. |
| desiccate | cause to dry up. Safari's insecticidal soap dessicates its victims |
| detergent | liquid soap concentrate used as a: 1) wetting agent for sprays and water. 2.pesticide. Note; detergent must be totally organic to be safe for plants. |
| dioecious | having distinct male and female flowers. |
| dome | the part of the HID outer bulb opposite the neck and threads. |
| dome support | the spring-like brackets that mount the arc tube within the outer envelope. |
| drainage | way to empty soil of excess water: with good drainage, water passes through soil evenly, promoting plant growth; with bad drainage water stands in soil, drowning roots. |
| drip line | a line around a plant directly under it's outermost branch tips; roots seldom grow beyond the drip line. |
| dry ice | a cold,white substance formed when CO2 is compressed and cooled; Dry ice changes into CO2; gas at room temperatures. For small garden rooms this may be an easy way to add CO2. |
| dry well | drain hole,filled with rocks. |
| electrode | a conductor used to establish electrical arc or contact with non-metallic part of circuit. |
| elongate | grow in length. |
| envelope | outer protective bulb or jacket of a lamp. |
| Equinox | the point at which the sun crosses the equator and day and night are each 12 hours long; The equinox happens twice a year. |
| Extension cord | extra electrical cord that must be 14-gauge or larger. (i.e. - 12 or 10-guage). |
| feed | fertilize |
| female | pistillate, ovule,seed-producing |
| fertilizer burn | over-fertilization; First leaf tips burn (turn brown),then leaves curl. |
| fixture | electrical fitting used to hold electrical components. |
| flat | shallow(three-inch) deep container, of ten 18 x 24 inches with good drainage; used to start seedlings or cuttings |
| flat white | very reflective,whitest white paint available |
| fluroescent lamp | electric lamp using a tube coated with fluorescent material, which has low lumen and heat output; a fluorescent lamp is excellent for rooting cuttings. |
| foliage | the leaves, or more generally, the green part of a plant. |
| foliar feeding | misting fertilizer solution which is absorbed by the foliage |
| fritted | fused or embedded in glass,fritted trace elements (FTE) are long lasting and do not leach out easily. |
| fungicide | a product that destroys or inhibits fungus. |
| fungus | a lower plant lacking chlorophyll which may attack green plants; mold, rust,mildew,mushrooms and bacteria are fungi. |
| fuse | electrical safety device consisting of a metal that melts and interrupts the circuit when circuit is overloaded. |
| fuse box | box containing fuses that control electrical circuits. |
| GPM | gallons per minute- ex.-water flow through an irrigation system. |
| General Purpose fertilizer | see all-purpose fertilizer |
| gene | part of a chromosome that influences the development and potency of a plant; genes are inherited through sexual propagation. |
| genetic make-up | the genes inherited from parent plants; genetic make-up is the most improtant factor dictating vigor and potency. |
| halide | binary compound of a halogen(s) with an electropositive elements. |
| halogen | any of the elements fluorine,chlorine,bromine,iodine,and astatine existing in a free state; Halogens arc in the arc tube of a halide lamp |
| hermaphrodite | one plant having both male and female flowers; The breeding of hermaphrodites is hard to control. |
| hertz (hz) | a unit of a frequency that cycles one time each second; a home with a 60 hertz ac current cycles 60 times per second. |
| HID | High Intensity Discharge |
| Honeydew | a sticky,honey-like substance secreted onto foliage by aphids,scale and mealy bugs. |
| hood | reflective cover of a HID lamp; A large white hood is very reflective. |
| HOR | The abbreviation stamped on sime HID bulbs meaning they may be bruned in a horizontal position. |
| Horizontal | parallel to the horizon, ground or floor. |
| Hose bib | water outlet containing an on/off valve |
Created by:
bellerson
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