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Chpt6_Photosynthesis
Chapter 6: Photosynthesis - from Holt Modern Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Organisms that use energy from sunlight or from chemical bonds in inorganic substances to make organic compounds | Autotrophs |
| The process that converts light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds, primarily carbohydrates | Photosynthesis |
| Organisms that obtain energy from food instead of directly from sunlight or inorganic substances | Heterotrophs |
| The process where light energy is converted to chemical energy | Light Reactions |
| The process where organic compounds are formed using CO2 and chemical energy and the chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH; a series of enzyme-assisted chemical reactions that produce a three-carbon sugar | Calvin Cycle |
| Organelles found in the cells of plants and animals; has a double membrane and contains the thylakoids | Chloroplasts |
| A system of flattened membranes arranged as sacs inside the chloroplast | Thylakoids |
| Connected and layered thylakoids arranged as stacks | Grana |
| Fluid that surrounds the grana | Stroma |
| Compounds that absorb light | Pigments |
| Pigments located in the membrane of the thylakoids | Chlorophylls |
| Yellow, orange, and brown accessory pigments in the thylakoid membrane | Carotenoids |
| A cluster of pigment molecules and the proteins that the molecules are embedded in | Photosystem |
| A molecule in the thylakoid membrane that acts as the acceptor of the electrons lost from chlorophyll a | Primary electron acceptor |
| A series of molecules located in the thylakoid membrane that transfer electrons from one molecule to the next | Electron transport chain |
| The process by which photosynthesis synthesizes ATP | Chemiosmosis |
| The incorporation of CO2 into organic compounds during the Calvin Cycle | Carbon fixation |
| Small pores, usually located on the underside of the leaves of a plant | Stomata |
| An alternative pathway to the Calvin Cycle that enables plants to fix CO2 into four-carbon compounds | C4 pathway |
| A water conserving pathway that fixes carbon in hot, dry climates | CAM pathway |
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