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anatomy II
exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| some things can cross the membrane, others cant | selectively permeable |
| Includes everything inside the cell membrane and outside of the nucleus. Components participate in cell metabolism | cytoplasm |
| viscous fluid in which other materials are suspended | cytosol |
| "little organs" inside of cell which carry out specific functions | organelles |
| stored chemicals like lipid droplets, glycogen, pigment granules, protein fibers | inclusions |
| Cytosol components: | water 85-90%; protein 7-10%; Fat 1-2%; Organics 0.5-1.5% (Carbohydrates, DNA,RNA); Inorganics 0.5-1.5% (Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Chloride) |
| enzyme containing sacs. Contain acid hydrolases, enzymes capable of digesting worn out cell structures and foreign substances | lysosomes |
| enzyme containing sacs. uses oxygen to detoxify a number of harmful substances. in kidney and liver cells | peroxisomes |
| rod-shaped bodies with double membrane wall; inner membrane is thrown into folds, or cristae. oxidative enzymes catalyze the kreb cycle creating ATP for the cell | mitochondria |
| Small structures found free in the cytoplasm or attached to an organelle (ER, nucleus) or in mitochondria | ribosomes |
| Made of subunits of protein and rRNA | ribosomes |
| primary function of ribosomes | site of protein synthesis |
| Ribosomes are attached to its outer surface (cytosolic- facing the cytosol) | rough ER |
| Abundant in cells specialized to produce secreted proteins, like pancreas (digestive enzymes), liver (clotting factors), and plasma B-cells (WBC's that make antibodies) | rough ER |
| Lipid synthesis and metabolism cholesterol, lipoproteins, steroid hormones, phospholipids | smooth ER |
| Carbohydrate synthesis and breakdown of stored glycogen to release glucose in liver | smooth ER |
| Absorption, synthesis, and transport of fats in intestinal cells | smooth ER |
| Detoxification of drugs/chemicals in liver and kidney cells | smooth ER |
| In skeletal and cardiac muscle, serve as calcium storage sacs. | smooth ER |
| Stack of fluid-filled sacs | golgi apparatus |
| Transport vesicles bud off from the rough ER and migrate it | golgi apparatus |
| processes proteins (adds or removes carbohydrates or lipids; phosphates added; some cut or joined;) and re-packages them for transport through cell | golgi |
| Vesicles transport proteins to the appropriate location with the help of tags added to the proteins from it | golgi |
| contain proteins which will be secreted (released) from the cell | secretory vesicle |
| contain proteins which will become part of the cell membrane, and therefore fuse with it | membrane vesicle |
| contains acid hydrolase enzymes | lysosome |
| Network of fibers that help the cell keep its shape. also keeps organelles and nucleus in position, and helps them move | cytoskeleton |
| Protein molecules- ("Tubulin") stacked into tubes, 13 tubes in a circle (25 nm diameter) | microtubules |
| Help materials move in cell, including during cell division and determine organelle position by attaching to and moving them | microtubules |
| More like 2 twisted chains of beads, where the beads are the protein actin (5-8 nm diameter) | microfilament |
| Found throughout cell to give it shape, but especially found attached to inside of cell membrane for support. | microfilaments |
| Guide movement of materials in cell | microfilaments |
| Structure is more like a rope or strand of yarn. More permanent than other 2, and very strong (function is to reinforce cell structure) | intermediate filaments |
| Found in a pair at right angles, near nucleus | centrioles |
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