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bio189 ch.21
Animal Nutrition and Digestion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Organisms that must feed on other organisms like animals | heterotrophs |
| What are the three animal diets? | Carnivores, Herbivores, and Omnivores |
| feed mainly on plants | Herbivores |
| mainly eat other animals | Carnivores |
| ingest both plants and animals | Omnivores |
| What are the four stages of food processing? | Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, and Elimination |
| What begins the process of digestion and involves physical processes like chewing? | Mechanical digestion |
| What is the chemical breakdown of food by digestive enzymes? | Chemical digestion |
| What proceeds via hydrolysis? | Chemical digestion |
| In chemical reactions what do they break down using? | break down polymers into monomers using water |
| Hydrolysis a what kind of reaction? | Exergonic |
| What are enzymes that catalyze digestive hydrolysis reactions? | Hydrolases |
| What are intracellular organelles filled with digestive enzymes? | Lysosomes |
| Compartments with a single opening | Gastrovascular cavities |
| What two separate openings do digestive tubes have? | mouth and anus |
| Tubular passage from mouth to anus from ingestion to digestion | Alimentary Canal |
| The mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus are part of what? | Alimentary Canal |
| What connects the mouth to the esophagus? | The Pharynx |
| What opens to the trachea? | The Pharynx |
| During swallowing, a reflex tips the what to close the windpipe entrance? | epiglottis |
| What is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach and moves food down the paristalsis? | Esophagus |
| Where does the trachea lead to? | The lungs |
| Where does the esophagus lead to? | The stomach |
| What contains gastric juice made of strong acid, a few digestive enzymes, and mucus? | The stomach |
| The stomach churns food into a thick soup called what? | acid chyme |
| What are erosions of the stomach lining? | Gastric ulcers |
| often caused by a bacterium named Heliobacterpylori | Gastric ulcers |
| What is the longest part of the alimentary canal? | The small intestine |
| What is the major organ for chemical digestion and absorption? | The small intestine |
| What breaks down food monomers? | Hydrolases |
| What are three main parts of the small intestine? | duodenum, jejunum, and ileum |
| What part of the small intestine receives digestive agents from several organs? | Duodenum |
| What parts of the small intestine are specialized for absorption? | Jejunum and Ileum |
| What secretes juice into the Duodenum that neutralizes stomach acids and enzymes that hydrolyze macromolecules? | The pancreas |
| What secretes bile which helps digest fats? | The liver |
| When is the food technically "in" the body? | Once it has first been absorbed |
| What does the gall bladder do? | Holds the bile from the liver |
| What does the intestirial wall contain that provides a large surface area for absorption? | villi and microvilli |
| What is shorter but wider than the small intestine? | The large intestine |
| What makes up most of the length of the large intestine? | the colon |
| What absorbs water from the alimentary canal and produces feces? | the colon |
| What is the last 15cm (6inch) of the large intestine? | The rectum |
| What regulates the opening of the rectum? | The anus |
| Where does food processing take place? | Alimentary Canal |
| What are the three parts of the large intestine? | Colon, Rectum, and Anus |
| Proper nutrition helps to maintain what? | homeostasis |
| Fuel energy is used for what? | cellular work |
| Building materials are used to construct what? | needed components |
| Fuel and building materials come from what? | A balanced diet |
| What breaks down food molecules in cellular respiration? | cells |
| What are the measure of energy stored in your food and the energy you expend in daily activities? | Calories |
| What is the rate of energy consumption per day? | The metabolic rate |
| What is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a gram of water by 1 degree celcius? | Calories |
| What is one thousand calories, the unit listed on food labels, and calories with a capital C? | Kilocalorie |
| Cells in the body making polymers out of monomers found in food are what kind of reaction? | Endergonic |
| Substances needed by the body that it cannot make itself | Essential nutrients |
| How many essential amino acids are there for humans? | Eight |
| What are organic molecules required in the diet for good health? | Vitamins |
| What functions mostly as assistants to enzymes? | Vitamins |
| What are inorganic substance required in the diet? | Minerals |
| What makes fats and other lipids by combining fatty acids with other molecules? | our cells |
| What are fatty acids we cannot make from simpler molecules? | Essential Fatty Acids |
| Scurvy is an example of what? | Malnutrition |
| What is a dietary deficiency of one or more of the essential nutrients? | Malnutrition |
| Caused by an inadequate intake of calories | under nutrition |
| an inappropriate high ratio of weight to height | Obesity |
Created by:
paige883
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