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Bio189 chap20
Maintaining the Internal Environment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Invidual cells are grouped into what? | Tissues |
| Tissues combine to form what? | Organs |
| Organs are organized into what? | Organ systems |
| Organ systems make up the entire what? | Organism |
| The study of the structure of an organism? | Anatomy |
| The study of the function of an organisms structual equipment | Physiology |
| What an integrated group of similar cells that perform a specific function? | Tissue |
| What are the four types of tissue? | Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous |
| What is also called epithelium? | Epithelial Tissue |
| What type of tissue covers the surface of the body and lines organs and cavities within the body? | Epithelial |
| What type of tissue is made up of sheets of tightly packed cells and are riveted togther in a continuous layer? | Epithelial |
| The heart and blood vessels and respiratory tract and digestive tract and genitourinary tract are all lined with what tissue? | Epithelial |
| What tissues have a sparse population of cells scattered through an extracellular matrix? | Connective |
| What is the extracellular matrix of connective tissue made up of? | a web of protein fibers |
| The structure of connective tissue correlates with its function | True |
| What does connective tissue do? | Binds and supports other tissues |
| what are the six types of connective tissues? | Loose, Adipose, Blood, Fibrous, Bone, and cartilage |
| Which connective tissue is the most widespread? | Loose |
| Which connective tissue binds to the epithelial tissue to underlying tissues and holds the organs in place? | Loose |
| What connective tissue stores fat, stockpiles energy and pads and insulates the body? | Adipose |
| What connective tissue is a matrix of liquid? | Blood |
| What are red and white blood cells suspended in? | Plasma |
| What connective tissue has a dense matrix of collagen and it forms tendons and ligaments? | Fibrous |
| What do tendons do? | Connect muscles to bones |
| What do ligaments do? | Connect bones to bones |
| What connective tissue is strong but rubbery and it functions as a flexible, boneless skeleton? | Cartilage |
| Which tissue forms the shock-absorbing pads that cushion the vertebrae of the spinal column? | Cartilage |
| Which connective tissue is a rigid connective tissue with a matrix of rubbery fibers hardened with diposits of calcium? | Bone |
| What type of tissue consists of bundles of long, thin, cylindrical cells called muscle fibers? | Muscle Tissue |
| In muscle tissue, each cell has specialized proteins that do what? | Contract when the cell is stimulated by the nerve |
| What are the three types of Muscle tissue? | Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth |
| skeletal tissue is attached to bones by what? | tendons |
| Which muscle tissue is responsible for voluntary movements? | Skeletal muscle tissue |
| Which muscle tissue has the contractile apparatus form a bonded pattern in each cell or fiber and is said to be straited or striped? | Skeletal muscle tissue |
| Which muscle tissue is found only in the heart? | Cardiac muscle tissue |
| How do the cardiac muscle cells look? | branched and joined to one another |
| Which muscle tissue is named for its lack of obvious striations? | Smooth muscle tissue |
| Which muscle tissue is found in the walls of various organs and is involuntary? | Smooth muscle tissue |
| What makes communication and sensory information possible? | Nervous Tissue |
| what is received and processed in nervous tissue? | sensory input |
| What is then relayed to make body parts respond in nervous tissue? | motor output |
| Where is nervous tissue found? | In the brain and spinal cord |
| What is the basic unit of nervous tissue? | neuron or nerve cell |
| Neurons can transmit what rapidly over long distances? | electrical signals |
| Heart, liver, stomach, brain, and lungs are examples of what? | Organs |
| What is the body's tendency to maintain realtively constant conditions in the internal environment even when the external enviornment changes? | Homeostasis |
| What are the two steps to homeostasis known as homeostatic pathways? | Continual monitoring and Regulatory processes triggered |
| What homeostatic pathway is physical and chemical characteristics of the internal environment? | Continual monitoring |
| If monitoring detects departure from normal which homeostatic step is that? | Regulatory processes triggered |
| What turns off or reduces the output of a regulatory process that homestasis uses to regulate? | Negative Feedback loop |
| What increases the intensity or speed of a process that is not part of homeostasis? | Positive Feedback loop |
| What feedback look is used in homeostasis? | Negative feedback loop |
| Maintaining homeostasis requires what? | Energy |
| What means greater energy costs for homeostasis? | Greater difference between external and interal conditions |
| What is the maintenance of internal body temperature? | Thermoregulation |
| What are warm blooded are derive the majority of their body heat from their metabolism? | Endotherms |
| What are cold blooded and obtain body heat primarily by absorbing it from their surroundings? | Ectotherms |
| Living cells depend on a precise balance of what? | water and solutes |
| What is the control of the gain or loss of water and dissolved solutes? | Osmoregulation |
| What are the two main strategies when it comes to water balance? | Osmoconformers and Osmoregulators |
| Are organisms whose internal and external environments have similar solute concentrations and include most marine invertebrates | Osmoconformers |
| Are organisms who actively regulate their water loss or gain and are all land animals, fresh water animals and most marine vertebrates | Osmoregulators |
Created by:
paige883
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