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Micro-b Test 3
Viruses, Microbial virulance factors, Antimicrobial therapy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Virus like particle | Prion |
| Embryonic defects induced during pregnancy | Teratogenesis |
| Largest known viruses | Paramixiviridae, Orthopoxyvirus |
| Virulent virus | Induce a lytic cycle |
| Temperate virus | Induce a lysogenic cycle |
| Rifamycin | Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis |
| Viruses are classified as: | particles |
| Viruses can infect | bacteria, plants and animals |
| Latent virus | Can cause recurrent disease. |
| Viral envelope is derived from | Host cell membrane |
| Phage latent with in its host cell. | Temperate phage |
| Clear patches in bacterial cultures | plaques |
| Virus surface receptors | spikes |
| Latent cycle of a bacteriaphage | Prophage |
| Viruses that deliver RNA polymerase | Single Strand negative sense RNA |
| Virulent phage life cycle | Eclipse period (penetration through synthesis) Latent period (penetration through particle release) Viral Yeild (burst size) |
| Alexander Flemming | Discovered penecillin |
| Mechanisms for animal viruses entering host cells | Endocytosis or Fusion |
| RNA viruses multiply in: | cytoplasm |
| DNA viruses multiply in: | nucleus |
| Virus morphology | Polyhedral capsid Helical Bullet-shaped Spherical (enveloped) Complex (bacteriophage with tails and tail fibers) |
| Virulence factors | Physical and physiological characteristics of pathogenic organisms that help them to infect and cause disease in hosts (structures, enzymes, toxins) |
| Exotoxins | Small proteins secreted by G+ that have specific effects and more powerful than endotoxins. |
| Endotoxins | Exclusive to Gram negative cells. Lipid A portion of lipopolysaccharide molecule. Have more systemic effects. |
| Minimum inhibitory concentration | The lowest does of a drug that will be effective in inhibiting bacterial growth. |
| Allergic reaction | Response of the body's immune system to foreign substances |
| Antibiotic | A chemical substance produced by bacteria or fungi which has the capacity to inhibit or destroy the growth of bacteria or other microbes. |
| Disk-Diffusion Method/Kirby Bower method | Semi-quantitative test that indicates bacterial sensitivity to an antibiotic. Does not indicate minimum bacteriocidal concentration. |
| Chemotherapeutic index | (Max tolerable dose/kg body wt)/(Min dos/kg body wt) |
| Selective toxicity | Harm the pathogen, not the host |
| Antibiosis | "against life" |
| Results of an antibioti that inhibits cell wall synthesis (penicillin, cephalosporin, vancomycin) | Cell will lyse |
| Invasion | Release of digestive enzymes or other factors that facilitate the spread and/or penetration of the pathogen into target cells. |
| Mucinase Karatinase Collagenase Hyaluronidase Coagulase Steptokinase | Examples of invasion enzymes. |
| Bactierostatic process by which antibiotics of the rifamycin family bind to a bacterial RNA polymerase and inhibit RNA synthesis (transcription). | Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis |
| Capsid | Protein coat on virus made up of capsomeres. |
| Capsomeres | Number and kind can aid in viral identification Determine shape of virus Facilitate viral attachment to host cells. |
| A capsid containing a genome | Nucleocapsid |
| Naked virus | Virus without an envelope |
| Enveloped virus | Bi layer membrane on some viruses acquired by budding through host cell membrane. Helps virus evade host immune defenses, facilitates fusion with host cell membrane. |
| Equine Encephalitis Virus | Virus responsible for mad cow disease |
| Bacteriophage | Virus that infects bacterial cells. |
| Viroid | Small molecule of circular RNA in nucleoli |
| + sense ss RNA virus (polio) | Does not secrete any genetic processing enzymes |
| Lysosyme | Digestive enzyme secreted by viruses |
| Fusion of multiple cells into one multinucleate cell. | Syncytia |
| Antimetabolite | Substances that affect the utilization of metabolites and prevent pathogen from carrying out certain metabolic reactions. |
| True pathogen | Exogenous pathogens. non-native flora that cause disease in healthy hosts. |
| Minimum number of cells necessary to induce infection and then disease | Infectious dose |
| Antiphagocytic factors | Slime layers or capsules, parasitophorous vacuoles, Leukocidins. |
| Broad spectrum antibiotics | penicillins, cephalasporins, tetracyclines, sulfonamides |
| Narrow spectrum antibiotics | polymixins, streptomycin |
| Bacteriocidal | Act directly on pathogen to cause death of cells. |
| Bacteriostatic | Create an environment that inhibits further growth and replication of the pathogen. |
Created by:
npeters519
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